批判性思维教育理念

发布时间：2018-02-25 07:02

本文关键词： 批判性思维教学方法素质教育教育理念高等教育改革　出处：《高等教育研究》2012年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：批判性思维立足于理性反思某个问题及其相关证据得出判断,即"为决定相信什么或做什么而进行合理的、反思性的思维",包括澄清意义、分析论证、评估证据、判断论断的合适性和推导有根据的结论等技能。"理想的"批判性思维者具有开明和公正的心智,会搜寻证据,掌握全面信息,关注他人的观点及其理由,不作超出证据的断言,愿意考虑不同思路并校正观点。批判性思维过程包括确定和分析问题、澄清意义、收集证据、评估证据、推断结论、考察相关信息和作出综合判断。与对论证的逻辑评判不同,批判性思维超越了单个论证的维度,有创造性成分,包括对证据的批判性评估。应培育批判性思维者所具备的知识、技巧、态度和习性,即让他们能够且善于批判。批判性思维的教育可通过学科教学或专门课程教学的方式进行。单独开设批判性思维课程,其课程设计应遵循按具体情境设计教学、阐明目标、激发学生兴趣、运用指导框架、培养批判精神、注重深度甚于广度、使用桥接、利用重大时事、使用真实或现实案例、谨慎选择案例、提供有指导的练习和及时反馈、检验学生的理解程度、鼓励元认知、考虑情境、避免空洞使用专业术语和谨慎设计多选题的原则。
[Abstract]:Critical thinking is based on rational reflection on a problem and its relevant evidence to arrive at a judgment, that is, "to think rationally and reflexively to decide what to believe or do", including clarifying meaning, analyzing argument, evaluating evidence, The "ideal" critical thinker, with an open and just mind, searches for evidence, has comprehensive information, pays attention to the views of others and their reasons, and does not make assertions that go beyond the evidence, Willing to consider different ideas and correct viewpoints. Critical thinking processes include identifying and analysing problems, clarifying meanings, collecting evidence, evaluating evidence, inferring conclusions, examining relevant information and making comprehensive judgments. Critical thinking goes beyond the dimensions of a single argument and has creative elements, including critical assessment of evidence. The knowledge, skills, attitudes and habits of critical thinkers should be nurtured. That is to say, they can and are good at criticizing. The education of critical thinking can be carried out by the way of subject teaching or special course teaching. Inspire students' interest, use guidance framework, cultivate critical spirit, focus on depth more than breadth, use bridging, use important current events, use real or real cases, carefully select cases, provide guided practice and timely feedback, Test students' understanding, encourage metacognition, consider situations, avoid empty use of technical terms and carefully design the principle of multiple topics.
【作者单位】：华中科技大学启明学院;华中科技大学中文系;华中科技大学外国语学院;
【分类号】：G642.0

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