大学生就业心理困境的高校社会工作介入研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 07:57

本文关键词： 就业心理困境高校社会工作介入模式工作方法　出处：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着“双向选择,自主择业”的就业模式代替以往就业分配模式以来,高校大学生就业问题一直备受社会关注,而社会多元化发展也对高校毕业生在知识储备、专业技能、人格发展以及综合素质方面提出了更高要求,随之产生的大学生前途危机意识和就业心理问题便成为社会就业工作的一大重点。一方面,高校教育模式和专业课程设置未能与社会人才市场形成对接,与社会各型企业未形成长效产学研合作模式,导致大学生实习实践能力缺乏。根据麦可思调查报告指出,2011年全国各高校毕业生人数创下历史新高,已达到660万人,并且分析得出由于教学过程中实习和实践经验的缺乏,所学专业与社会需求不相匹配等问题,导致大学生就业过程中存在一定劣势,这说明在高校阶段,大学生缺乏必要的职业生涯规划能力的培养,而学校缺乏对社会需求的考察,学生缺少对自身的认知和了解,对未来意识模糊。另一方面,现阶段大学生的心理素质存在不同程度的缺陷,就业心理特征主要表现为：高知识量而低社会化；多情绪化而低调节力；过于自我而疏忽人际；急于成功而怯于失败,具体来说包括紧张焦虑、自负自大、自卑怯懦、盲目从众、依赖被动、急躁偏执等不良心理。这些心理特征的形成与大学生个体心理调试能力以及周围环境影响有关,包括家庭环境、学校环境和社会环境。因此,就业困境以及就业心理困境的解决需要从高校、社会、家庭、个人这四个方面做出协调。高校社会工作主要从大学生就业心理困境的处境出发,运用预防性工作模式、治疗性工作模式、发展性工作模式和协调性工作模式等介入模式针对不同境况的大学生就业心理问题提供专业化个性化辅导与帮助,通过职业生涯规划能力培养提前为大学生就业方向做好指引和导向,通过个案工作、小组工作和社区工作等工作方法为大学生解决就业过程中产生的心理问题,联合学校、社会用人单位与学生个体形成合力,共同促进大学生增强自身心理素质,提高就业能力。
[Abstract]:Since the employment mode of "two-way choice, independent choice of employment" has replaced the previous pattern of employment distribution, the employment problem of college students has been paid close attention to by society, and the diversified development of society has also contributed to the knowledge reserve and professional skills of college graduates. Higher requirements have been put forward in terms of personality development and comprehensive quality, and the resulting crisis awareness of the future of college students and the psychological problems of employment have become a major focus of social employment work. The university education model and the specialized curriculum setup have not formed the docking with the social talent market, and has not formed the long-term effect production, university and research cooperation pattern with the society each kind of enterprise. According to Michael's survey report, in 2011, the number of college graduates in China reached a record high, reaching 6.6 million. The analysis shows that the lack of practice and practical experience in the teaching process is due to the lack of practice and practical experience in the teaching process. Some problems, such as mismatch between major and social demand, lead to some disadvantages in the process of employment, which indicates that in the stage of university, college students lack the necessary ability of career planning, and the school lacks the investigation of social demand. On the other hand, the psychological quality of college students at this stage has different degree defects, the psychological characteristics of employment are mainly as follows: high knowledge but low socialization; Emotional and low-regulated; too self-conscious and negligent in interpersonal relationships; eager to succeed and shy away from failure, specifically nervous and anxious, conceited, inferiority cowardly, blindly following the crowd, dependent on passivity, The formation of these psychological characteristics is related to the individual psychological debugging ability of college students and the influence of the surrounding environment, including family environment, school environment and social environment. The employment dilemma and the solution of the employment psychological dilemma need to be coordinated from four aspects: college, society, family and individual. The social work in colleges and universities mainly starts from the psychological plight of college students' employment and applies the preventive work mode. The intervention models, such as therapeutic work model, developmental work model and coordinated work model, provide specialized and individualized guidance and help for the psychological problems of college students' employment under different circumstances. Through the training of career planning ability to guide and guide the employment direction of college students in advance, through the work methods of case work, group work and community work to solve the psychological problems in the process of employment for college students, the United school, The social employing unit and the student individual form the resultant force together to promote the university student to enhance own psychological quality enhances the employment ability.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

【引证文献】