近十年（2001-2010年）美国留学生接收政策的历史回顾

发布时间：2018-03-11 19:44

本文选题：留学生　切入点：政策　出处：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大学自诞生之日起便具有国际化的属性,学生的跨国流动不仅促进了学术的发展和文化的交流,对世界范围内政治、经济的繁荣也具有重要的促进作用。因此,进入新世纪以来,各国都竞相发展留学生教育,利用各具特色的教育教学内容、教育制度和各种诱人的政策来吸引世界各国学生的前往。就目前而言,在这一场留学生的争夺战中,美国无疑处于领先地位,一直占领了世界留学生教育市场近百分之三十的份额。我国是留学生派出大国,但在接收留学生方面还有很大的发展空间,在制定留学生接收政策方面我们还需要多多向美国等国家学习。进入新世纪,美国的留学生接收政策发生过三次比较大的变动,它们对美国的留学生教育产生了比较重大的影响。“9.11事件”的发生让美国上下陷入极度的恐慌,上至白宫下到普通百姓都集中精力一致防止恐怖分子再次袭击。在留学生接收政策上这种紧张主要表现在签证政策和其它一些关于留学生入境的政策方面；“9.11事件”从某种意义上说影响了美国社会的正常发展。事后三四年,在布置好了边境的安全、颁布了一系列对境内的外国人进行管理监督的政策法规之后,人们逐渐意识到这几年流失的留学生对美国的损失,因此从民间开始不断有人呼吁要重开国门,继续吸引全球优秀人才前往。2006年1月17日国务卿赖斯与国土安全部部长切尔托夫共同出席了《赖斯-切尔托夫有关保障资讯时代边界安全与门户开放的联合计划》的揭幕式,代表政府表示美国继续欢迎留学生的前往；金融危机的爆发将全球经济卷入一个低谷,很多行业受到毁灭性的打击,政府、高校收入严重缩水。这种情况下,无论学校还是政府能提供给留学生的资金支持都变得非常有限,高校开支大量缩减,因此在录取学生时不得不提高了对学生的财力要求,更加看重投入与产出比。无论在任何时期,美国的留学生接收政策都具有一些共同特点,如政府与学校分工合作来负责教育、以法律法规的形式颁布各项政策、高校充分参与市场竞争、不同时代背景下有专门的政策来满足留学生教育适应社会的发展、同时又自始至终地坚持对世界优秀人才的欢迎、大力支持留学生教育的发展等。这些经验在发展我国的留学生教育中都是可以参考借鉴的。
[Abstract]:Universities have been internationalized since their birth. The transnational flow of students not only promotes academic development and cultural exchange, but also promotes the political and economic prosperity of the world. Since the beginning of the new century, all countries have been competing to develop the education of foreign students, making use of their distinctive teaching contents, educational systems and various attractive policies to attract students from all over the world. In this battle for foreign students, the United States is undoubtedly in the leading position and has been occupying nearly 30% of the world market for international students' education. But there is still a lot of room for development in accepting foreign students, and we still need to learn more from the United States and other countries in formulating policies for the admission of foreign students. In the new century, there have been three relatively large changes in the admission policy of foreign students in the United States, which have had a relatively significant impact on the education of foreign students in the United States. The occurrence of the "9 / 11 incident" has plunged the United States into extreme panic. From the White House down to the ordinary people are focused on preventing terrorists from attacking again. This tension is mainly manifested in visa policy and some other policies on the entry of foreign students. "9 / 11" "in a sense, it affected the normal development of American society... Afterwards, on 34, After the border security has been arranged and a series of policies and regulations have been promulgated to manage and supervise foreigners in the territory, people have gradually realized the losses to the United States caused by the loss of foreign students in the past few years. Therefore, there have been calls from the private sector for the reopening of the country. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Homeland Security Secretary Steve Chertoff attended the opening ceremony of the Reis-Chertoff Joint Plan on securing and Open the boundaries of the Information Age on January 17th 2006. On behalf of the government, the United States continues to welcome overseas students; the outbreak of the financial crisis has drawn the global economy into a trough, many industries have been devastated, and government and university incomes have been severely reduced. In this case, The financial support that both schools and the government can provide to foreign students has become very limited, and college spending has been reduced so much that they have to increase their financial requirements and pay more attention to the ratio of input to output. No matter at any time, the policy of accepting foreign students in the United States has some common characteristics. For example, the government and schools cooperate with each other to take charge of education, promulgate various policies in the form of laws and regulations, and colleges and universities participate fully in market competition. In different times, there are special policies to meet the needs of foreign students' education to adapt to the development of society, and at the same time, they insist on welcoming the world's outstanding talents from beginning to end. These experiences can be used for reference in the development of foreign students' education in China.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G648.9

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