学分制视域下大学生思想政治教育研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 06:18

本文选题：学分制　切入点：大学生　出处：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年来,依据社会的发展以及教育的内在规律,我国高校逐步实施学分制。学分制体现了以人为本的教育理念,注重因材施教和学生个性的发展,成为我国高等教育改革的热点。学分制强调学生的主体地位,尊重学生个性差异,要求学生发挥主观能动性,根据自己的兴趣爱好自由选课。在这种情况下,学生的组织方式以及活动方式出现时间和空间的高度离散性,行政班级功能的弱化性,人际关系的疏远性等特征,这就给传统的大学生思想政治教育方式,如以教师为本,教育过程采用单向灌输、内容强调整齐划一,较少考虑学生个体差异等带来了严峻的挑战,在学分制背景下,大学生思想政治教育理念、方法、模式、内容等都需要作出相应的调整与改变,以适应新形势的需要。本文针对上述问题,进行了深入思考。本文共分四部分：第一部分对于国内外学分制的起源和发展历程进行了追踪论述,特别是对于学分制的内涵、学分制的特点做了客观而全面的分析,提出高等学校实施学分制的五大优势,并且阐述了学分制给高校产生的新问题。第二部分分析了学分制视域下大学生思想政治教育的现状。首先通过问卷调查的形式,归纳总结学分制下大学生的思想和行为特点,得出学分制视域下大学生思想政治教育面临的问题,通过对问卷调查的深入分析,提出学分制对大学生思想政治教育的五大挑战。第三部分分析了学分制产生的特殊群体——延长学制学生的基本情况,从我国高等教育办学规模的不断扩大与高校教师人数发展不足矛盾、高校培养方案设置与教学资源不足矛盾、学生自我约束能力与社会环境矛盾等三个方面分析了延长学制现象的形成原因,归纳总结了延长学制学生给高校、社会、家庭、自身带来的不利影响。第四部分提出了学分制视域下大学生思想政治教育的应对策略。即针对学分制视域下大学生出现的新情况、新特点及大学生思想政治教育面临的新问题,笔者建议：一是创新大学生思想政治教育内容,包括加强理想信念和责任担当教育、增加大学生学涯规划教育、增加自我评估教育等。二是改进大学生思想政治教育方法,包括强化树立典型教育、强化渗透教育、推行大学生双导师制等。三是拓宽学分制视域下大学生思想政治教育途径,包括强化寝室育人功能、发挥社团教育功能、构建和谐的师生关系等。四是针对延长学制学生,提出了四点针对性策略,即：一是以人为本,用爱感化延长学制学生,树立“以人为本”的观点,尊重、平等对待这些学生。二是对延长学制学生进行心理辅导,让延长学制学生消除自卑心理,激发其学习动力,尽早毕业。三是加强延长学制班级管理,强化日常学习秩序监控等指导和管理。四是形成学校、家庭双向监控体系,减少由于联系少而引起的学校和家庭间的不必要的误会。
[Abstract]:In recent years, according to the development of the society and the inherent law of education, the credit system has been gradually implemented in colleges and universities in our country. The credit system embodies the idea of people-oriented education, pays attention to teaching students according to their aptitude and the development of students' personality. The credit system emphasizes the student's main position, respects the student's individuality difference, requires the student to exert the subjective initiative, according to his own interest and hobby, chooses the course freely. In this case, the credit system emphasizes the student's main position, respects the student's individuality difference, and chooses the course freely according to his own interest. The characteristics of students' organization and activity, such as the high dispersion of time and space, the weakening of administrative class function, the alienation of interpersonal relationship, etc, give traditional ideological and political education to college students, such as teacher-oriented, and so on. Unidirectional inculcation is adopted in the educational process, the content is emphasized to be uniform, and the individual differences of the students are less considered. Under the background of the credit system, the ideas, methods and models of ideological and political education for college students are put forward. The content and so on need to make the corresponding adjustment and the change, in order to adapt to the need of the new situation, this article has carried on the thorough consideration to the above question. This paper is divided into four parts:. In the first part, the origin and development of credit system at home and abroad are discussed, especially the connotation of credit system and the characteristics of credit system are analyzed objectively and comprehensively, and the five advantages of implementing credit system in colleges and universities are put forward. And elaborated the credit system to the university produces the new question. The second part analyzes the current situation of college students' ideological and political education in the view of credit system. Firstly, through the form of questionnaire, the author summarizes the ideological and behavioral characteristics of college students under the credit system. The problems faced by ideological and political education of college students under the view of credit system are obtained. Through the in-depth analysis of the questionnaire survey, five major challenges to ideological and political education of college students are put forward. The third part analyzes the basic situation of the special group of students in the credit system, that is, the extension of the school system, and the contradiction between the continuous expansion of the scale of running higher education in China and the insufficient number of teachers in colleges and universities. This paper analyzes the forming reasons of the phenomenon of prolonging the school system from three aspects: the contradiction between the establishment of the training scheme and the insufficient teaching resources, the contradiction between the students' self-restraint ability and the social environment, and sums up the reasons for the phenomenon of extending the school system to the university, the society and the family. Its own adverse effects. Part 4th puts forward the countermeasures of ideological and political education of college students from the perspective of credit system, that is, aiming at the new situation, new characteristics and new problems faced by the ideological and political education of college students under the view of credit system. The author suggests: first, to innovate the content of college students' ideological and political education, including to strengthen the education of ideal, belief and responsibility, to increase the education of college students' learning horizon planning, to increase the education of self-evaluation, and to improve the methods of ideological and political education for college students. The third is to broaden the ways of ideological and political education for college students under the credit system, including strengthening the function of educating people in the dormitory and giving play to the educational function of the community. Fourth, aiming at the students with extended schooling system, this paper puts forward four targeted strategies, that is, to put people first, to extend the system with love, to set up the viewpoint of "people-oriented", and to respect it. To treat these students equally. Second, to give psychological guidance to students with extended schooling system, to let them eliminate their inferiority complex, to stimulate their motivation to study, and to graduate as soon as possible. Third, to strengthen the class management of the extended school system. The fourth is to form a school and family two-way monitoring system to reduce unnecessary misunderstanding between school and family caused by lack of connection.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G641

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