日本留学与创造社作家的国家想象

发布时间：2018-03-21 19:09

本文选题：日本留学　切入点：创造社　出处：《南京大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为“五四”文坛上“异军突起”的,由留日学生发起的文学团体,创造社作家国家想象的形成和嬗变不仅反映了创造社一个团体的文学创作走向和思想变迁,也折射出晚清直至1920年代末,经历了社会进化论、国家主义、无政府主义、个人主义、启蒙思想、浪漫主义、民族主义等诸种西方思潮冲击的中国知识分子的思想与心灵图志。厘清这一问题还将有助于从一个新的视角审视“创造社的左翼转向”这一中国现代文学史的难题。创造社的留日经历可视为三十年代中国左翼文学史前史的重要部分,他们从“小资产阶级艺术家”到“革命文学家”的“方向转换”过程中,起关键作用的正是“民族”、“国家”、“国民”、“国民国家”这些通过留学生活而明确起来的意识。创造社作家的国家意识和民族意识的生成,对国家和民族概念的理解,对民族国家共同体的想象,对自我与国家关系的认识中存在着许多复杂的思想脉络、许多曲折的变化未曾理清,不是“爱国主义”或“民族主义”可以简单概括之。本文所讨论的“国家想象”,包括对于现代国家概念、民族概念的接受,国家意识和民族意识的生成,对自我与国家、民族、国民等关系的认识,以及在此基础上形成的有关国家形象的想象。创造社作家的国家想象中既包含了他们对中国现状的观看,也包含了对国家应然形象的想象。国家想象的变化则反映着个体国家意识的变化、个体对于共同体的认同与疏离。作为留学地的日本向创造社作家灌输了现代的国家意识：包括“富国强兵”的口号、崇尚国家间竞争的社会进化论思想、国家主义、以及“国民国家”的样板；也为他们提供了反思国家的思想工具：浪漫主义和教养主义。此外,留学本身带来的特殊生存状态也影响了他们观看和想象故国的方式。本文将主要通过以下三个层面考察日本留学对创造社作家国家想象的影响：“我”与国家的关系,国家与民族的关系,以及“我”与国民的关系。本文将首先讨论创造社作家的自我与国家的同盟是怎样在“富国强兵”的思想和“亡国灭种”的危机中建立起来的。作为清末民初留学潮的核心思想,“富国强兵”是促使创造社作家走上留学路的关键因素,而在日本留学期间和归国后,他们又不约而同地发出过批判“富国强兵”的言论,对自己当年信仰的思想产生如此强烈的反拨正可见这一思想当时影响之深。因此,本文第一章将在梳理以“富国强兵”为指导思想的清末民初留学潮背景基础上,从考察创造社成员的留学动因、留学制度、由官费所反映出的留学生活状态等问题入手,由此透视中国历史上第一次大规模的留学潮是如何塑造了创造社作家有关个体与国家关系的认识,当时的留学制度、民初教育经费恐慌所导致的留学生官费滞纳状况又如何影响了他们对国家的看法。形成国家想象的一个重要因素是对于“国家是什么”这一概念的认识。第二章将讨论在“亡国灭种”的危机感中,创造社作家是如何通过日本接受了“国家”、“民族”、“种族”、“国民”、“国民国家”这些现代概念。对这些概念的日本式的阐释,留学期间对日本现代“国民国家”体制和日本“国民性”的观察,对“国民性”理论的接受,又是如何影响了他们对自我与国家、国民关系的思考。第三章将考察创造社作家还乡叙事中对“还乡体验”的讲述,主要采用比较文学研究中的平行研究和影响研究方法,考察创造社作家还乡叙事中所反映出的观看和想象中国的方式,以及西方浪漫主义的经典情结“乡愁”是如何被运用到创造社的还乡故事和故国想象中的,上述还乡体验又是如何最终造成了他们国家想象中“中国形象”的分裂。第四章将主要通过文本细读的方式,重点讨论由还乡体验而产生的国家想象的变化,是如何影响了创造社作家的创作和思想走向,分析1920年前后,也就是创造社归国还乡前后这一段时期作品中所出现的去国者、混血儿、吟游诗人这些游离出国家共同体之外的形象,以及伴随这些形象出现的他们对国家主义所作出的反思。最后将考察创造社对“国民文学”的提出、理论倡导和创作实践。“国民”在创造社作家的国家想象图景中并不一开始就是主角,而是当他们感觉到有必要重新调整“我”与国家的关系,构建一种新的国家形象时,才开始将目光投向“国民”。“国民文学”的实践通过将民族从国家中分离出来,通过描写“国民”,重新构建了一个“我”与民族国家的新同盟。“国民文学”的提出标志着创造社开始重新审视“国民”的存在,由此也为不久之后的左翼转向奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:As the "54" literary world "by Japan, A new force suddenly rises." launched by the students literary groups, create and change society writer national imagination not only reflects the literary creation society to a group and ideological changes, but also reflects the late Qing Dynasty until the end of 1920s, experienced social evolution, nationalism, no the government doctrine, individualism, enlightenment, Romanticism, the impact of the western nationalism and China intellectuals and soul records. There will also be helpful to examine the problem from a new perspective to create agency left turn "the Chinese of modern literature history to clarify this problem. The creation society the experience of studying in Japan can be regarded as an important part of the 30s Chinese left-wing literary prehistory, from their" bourgeois artists "to" Revolutionary Literature "" conversion "process, play a key role. It is the consciousness of "nation", "state", "national", "national state", which is clear through the life of studying abroad.
Generation of creation society writers of the national consciousness and national consciousness of the country and the nation, the understanding of the concept of community, national imagination, for there are many complex ideas of self understanding relationship with the state, many tortuous change not clear, not "patriotism" and "nationalism" can be summarized. This paper discussed. "National imagination", including the concept of modern state, accept the concept of nation, generation of national consciousness and national consciousness, the national self and country, understanding of national relations, and the formation of imagination on the basis of national image. The national imagination Creation Society writers include they China status watch, also contains the national image. The state changes should be thought reflects the change of individual national consciousness, the individual identity and sparse community From Japan to study. As a writer with the creation society modern national consciousness: including fuguoqiangbing slogan, advocating social evolution of national competition theory, nationalism, and the "national model"; also provides a review of national thinking tools for them: the romantic and rearing doctrine. In addition, the special study itself and the survival condition also influence their watch and imagine homeland way. In this paper, mainly through the following three aspects of creation society writers studying in Japan influence national imagination: "I" and the relationship between the state and the relationship between the state and the nation, and "I" and the national relationship.
This paper will first discuss the creation society writers self and the National Alliance is how to set up in the "making" and the idea of "genocide" in the crisis. At the end of the Qing Dynasty as the study core thought tide, "fuguoqiangbing" is the key factor to go on the road to study creation society writers, while studying in Japan and abroad later, they invariably issued a critique of "enriching" speech, on his belief thought so strongly against being visible this thought was deep influence. Therefore, the first chapter of this paper will study the background based on the tide of "enriching" as the guiding ideology of the late Qing Dynasty in the carding, study motivation, creation members of the society from the study of the international system, starting with the study of life state problems reflected by government, this perspective China the first time in the history of large-scale influx is How to build the society writer awareness about the relationship between the individual and the country's creation, study system at that time, the education expenditure caused by the panic students fees overdue status and how to influence their views on the country.
An important factor in the formation of national imagination is the "national awareness of the concept of what". The second chapter will discuss the "genocide" in the sense of crisis, the creation society is how the Japanese writer accepted the "country", "nation", "race", "national", "the modern concept of national the country". The concept of these Japanese interpretation, observed during the study of Japanese modern "national system" and Japanese "national character", the acceptance of the "national character" theory, and how it affects their self and country, consideration on national relations.
The third chapter studies the creation society writers narrative of "returning home" experience about, mainly used in the study of comparative literature parallel research and the influence research method, investigation of creation society writers returning to watch and imagine China way reflected in the narrative, and the western romantic classic complex "nostalgia" is to be used to create social stories and returning homeland imagination of the native experience and how ultimately caused their national imagination "China image" of the division.
The fourth chapter mainly through a close reading of the text, focusing on the changes caused by the experience of the national imagination, is how to affect the writer's creation and the creation of social ideological trend, analysis before and after 1920, which is to create the agency before and after this period returned home in the works of the country, mestizo, Bard the free state community outside of the image, and the image appears with the reflection of these are made of nationalism.
Finally, will examine the creation society on the "national literature", theory and practice. The "national" in the creation society writers national vision is not a beginning is the protagonist, but when they feel it is necessary to adjust the "I" relationship with the state, establish a new image of the country, only began to turn their attention to the "national" practice. "National literature" by separating the nation from the state, through the description of "national", constructs a new "I" and the national new alliance. "National literature" marks the creation of cooperatives began to re-examine the "national", thus it is soon left to lay the foundation.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G648.9

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