制度视角下中国高等教育结构研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 09:19

本文选题：高等教育结构　切入点：高等教育结构变迁　出处：《大连理工大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：合理的高等教育结构既是中国参与国际竞争、实现高等教育强国建设和促进经济社会可持续发展地迫切需要,也是促进高等教育多样化发展的现实需要。中国高等教育在大众化进程中出现的结构失衡、资源配置不均衡以及社会引领性不强等问题是影响和制约经济社会可持续发展和高等教育自身健康发展的障碍。因此,在建设高等教育强国的背景下选择高等教育结构这一课题显得尤为重要,能够帮助我们深化对高等教育结构变迁本质与规律的认识,能够使我们对高等教育结构中的问题有了更为理性地思考,对中国未来高等教育结构优化有一定的指导和借鉴意义。本研究依托于“中国高等教育结构优化研究”这一国家课题,以中国高等教育结构变迁的历史时间为序,运用制度变迁理论和制度同形理论对高等教育结构中的相关问题进行深入阐述和分析。其中,运用制度变迁理论对中国高等教育结构变迁的过程进行详细阐述,总结出高等教育结构变迁中的主体力量、制度变迁类型与基本特征；在对扩招十年中高等教育结构现存问题进行分析的基础上,运用制度同形理论对这些问题进行成因分析,最后从政府、市场和大学三个主体出发构建了中国高等教育结构走出现存困境的路径。在研究中采用了制度分析法、政策文本分析法、历史比较分析法、定性与定量相结合法。研究发现： ①中国高等教育结构在60年(1949-2008)的变迁中始终伴随着高等教育制度的改革与创新,这些制度安排对高等教育结构产生了重要影响。可以说,高等教育结构变迁的历史就是一部高等教育制度变迁史。 ②制度环境的变迁与高等教育自身制度安排的改变是推动中国高等教育结构变迁的两个重要变量。但是,1由于制度环境的差异,政府、大学和市场三个利益主体力量的对比有着明显地差异,并且在市场经济条件下中央政府与地方政府之间出现了明显地权力分化。需要指出的是,无论何种制度环境,都不能抹煞“中国高等教育结构变迁是以政府为主导的制度变迁模式”这一基本事实。 ③受到外部环境的影响,高等教育结构变迁中呈现出多样化的制度变迁类型,即经历了经济体制的转变、高等教育管理体制的转变和国家一些重要政策的变迁。 ④中国高等教育结构变迁是以自上而下为主的强制性制度变迁过程中伴有诱致性制度变迁,是以渐进式改革为主线的制度变迁过程,是以政府为主导、不断寻求社会认同的制度变迁过程。 ⑤在十年扩招里,高等教育规模的急剧增长凸显了高等教育结构趋同、资源配置不均衡及社会适应性与引领性不强等问题。运用制度同形理论对高等教育结构中的问题进行分析时,可以看出,强制性机制、模仿性机制和社会规范机制是造成这些问题的重要制度成因。最后,根据上述研究,从政府、市场和大学组织三个主体提出了中国高等教育结构走出现存困境的政策建议。
[Abstract]:The reasonable structure of higher education is not only the urgent need of China ' s participation in international competition , the realization of the strong nation of higher education and the sustainable development of economy and society , but also the realistic need to promote the diversification of higher education .

This research is based on the national subject of " Structure Optimization of Higher Education in China " , which is based on the historical time of the change of Chinese higher education structure , and makes an in - depth elaboration and analysis on the related problems in the structure of higher education by using the theory of institutional change and the theory of system .
Based on the analysis of the existing problems of higher education structure in the past ten years , this paper analyzes the causes of these problems by using the theory of system homology , and finally constructs the path of the Chinese higher education structure from the existing predicament from the three subjects of government , market and university .

The Chinese higher education structure has always been accompanied by the reform and innovation of higher education system in the change of 60 years ( 1949 - 2008 ) . These institutional arrangements have an important influence on the structure of higher education . It can be said that the history of the change of higher education structure is the history of the change of higher education system .

The changes of institutional environment and the change of the institutional arrangement of higher education are two important variables to promote the change of Chinese higher education structure . However , because of the differences of institutional environment , there is obvious difference between the government , university and market , and there is obvious power differentiation between the central government and the local government .

The change of the structure of higher education shows the different types of institutional change , that is , the transformation of the economic system , the transformation of the management system of higher education and the change of some important policies of the country .

The change of the structure of higher education in China is accompanied by the change of induced system in the process of compulsory system change based on top - down , which is the process of institutional change with gradual reform as the main line .

In the ten - year expansion , the sharp increase in the scale of higher education highlights the problems of convergence of higher education structure , uneven distribution of resources and lack of social adaptability and leading character . When the problems in higher education structure are analyzed by using the same theory of system , it can be seen that the compulsory mechanism , the model mechanism and the social norm mechanism are the important system causes of these problems .

Finally , according to the above research , from the three subjects of government , market and university organization , this paper puts forward the policy suggestion that China ' s higher education structure is out of existing predicament .

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.2

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