我国大学生就业过程中的问题研究—企业视角

发布时间：2018-04-09 12:08

本文选题：大学生　切入点：就业过程　出处：《中国计量学院》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国高等教育由“精英化”向“大众化”的转变，高校毕业生数量逐年增多，解决高校毕业生就业工作已经成为每年政府就业工作的重点、社会关注的焦点，党的十七届五中全会指出，要把促进就业放在经济社会发展优先位置,把解决高校毕业生就业问题作为工作重点。现实中存在不少大学生不能就业或者不能充分就业与企事业单位空岗空位招聘不到合适人才的矛盾问题，这固然与现阶段我国高校人才培养难以适应社会发展需求有一定关系，大学生就业过程有一些问题解决不良，也会影响大学生就业质量。本研究从市场经济条件下的现代企业人才观、大学生在就业过程中遇到的主要问题及大学生成功就业的关键点等入手，对我国大学生就业过程、企业对我国大学生就业过程的参与和高校大学生就业指导应注意的问题和采取的策略三方面进行研究，希望能在增强大学毕业生择业的针对性、提高择业的成功率、打下良好的职场基础等方面有些微帮助。一、从我国大学生就业政策、就业现状、就业特点三方面分析我国大学生就业形势，对我国大学生就业程序加以研究，调研其对实际就业的影响。研究表明：我国大学毕业生的就业已经成为整个社会就业问题的重要组成部分，且就业稳定性较弱，呈现从国家干预为主逐步转变为市场引导为主、层次感较强，方向较明确、地区感较强、需求感较强、毕业生仍处于弱势一方的特点。二、通过调研企业参与大学生就业过程的途径、企业选拔和招聘人才的取向与规则、企业对大学毕业生及其就业过程评价三方面了解企业参与我国大学生就业过程的现状，指出我国大学生在就业过程中遇到的问题主要有招聘成本不可控、岗位匹配性较差等客观问题及毕业生及其家庭存在的主观问题，并提出通过改变大学生自己，即提高大学生就业能力和通过改变大学生外在就业环境，即提高企业对大学毕业生的接纳力两种解决问题的对策。三、分析我国高校就业指导的现状和存在的问题，提出改进措施。高校就业指导存在的问题主要有：高校就业指导机构设置的非专性、就业指导课程设置和就业指导活动均有不足。可通过以就业案例和企业用人规则等充实大学生就业课程、聘请企业管理者或人力资源专员兼任大学生就业指导教师、政府牵线搭桥，引导企业和高校双方加强合作，共同提升就业指导的品质，对大学生开展以职业生涯为导向的发展规划制定活动、加强校企业深度合作，增加大学生广泛深入接触企业的机会等方式弥补这些不足。
[Abstract]:With the transformation of higher education from "elite" to "popular" in our country, the number of college graduates is increasing year by year.The Fifth Plenary session of the 17th CPC Central Committee pointed out that priority should be given to the promotion of employment in economic and social development, and the priority should be given to solving the employment problem of college graduates.In reality, there is a contradiction between the fact that many college students can not get employed or can not be fully employed and the lack of vacancies in enterprises and institutions to recruit suitable talents, which is, of course, related to the fact that the cultivation of talents in colleges and universities in our country is difficult to meet the needs of social development at the present stage.There are some problems in the process of college students' employment, which will affect the quality of college students' employment.From the view of modern enterprise talent under the condition of market economy, the main problems encountered by college students in the process of employment and the key points of college students' successful employment, this study analyzes the employment process of college students in China.The participation of enterprises in the process of employment of college students in China and the problems and strategies that should be paid attention to in the employment guidance of college students are studied in the hope of enhancing the pertinence of college graduates in choosing jobs and increasing the success rate of choosing jobs.Lay a good foundation of the workplace and so on a little help.The main contents are as follows: 1. Analyze the employment situation of college students in China from three aspects: employment policy, employment status and employment characteristics, study the employment procedure of college students in China, and investigate its influence on the actual employment.The research shows that the employment of university graduates in China has become an important part of the whole social employment problem, and the employment stability is relatively weak, showing a gradual change from state intervention to market guidance, with a strong sense of hierarchy and a clear direction.Strong sense of region, strong sense of demand, graduates are still in a weak side of the characteristics.Second, through investigating the ways of enterprises participating in the employment process of college students, the orientation and rules of selecting and recruiting talents by enterprises, and the evaluation of college graduates and their employment process, we can understand the present situation of enterprises participating in the process of employment of college students in China.The paper points out that the main problems encountered by college students in our country in the process of employment are the objective problems such as the uncontrollable recruitment cost, the poor job matching and the subjective problems existing by the graduates and their families, and puts forward that it is necessary to change the college students themselves.That is, to improve the employment ability of college students and to improve the acceptance of college graduates by changing the external employment environment of college students.Third, analyzes the present situation and existing problems of employment guidance in colleges and universities in China, and puts forward some improvement measures.The main problems of employment guidance in colleges and universities are as follows: the non-specificity of employment guidance institutions in colleges and universities, the lack of employment guidance courses and employment guidance activities.We can enrich the employment courses of college students by employing employment cases and employment rules of enterprises, employ enterprise managers or human resource commissioners to concurrently serve as college students' employment guidance teachers, and the government can bridge the bridge to guide both enterprises and universities to strengthen cooperation.To improve the quality of employment guidance, to carry out career oriented development planning activities for college students, to strengthen the deep cooperation of the university enterprises, to increase the opportunities for college students to contact the enterprises extensively and deeply, and to make up for these shortcomings.
【学位授予单位】：中国计量学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

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