基督教对中世纪及近代早期欧洲大学学科设置的影响

发布时间：2018-04-10 19:11

本文选题：基督教 + 中世纪大学　；参考：《首都师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：欧洲中世纪被史学家称之为“千年黑暗时代”,因为那时的欧洲长期处在神权的统治之下,个人思想和社会进步受到极大的禁锢和束缚,但正是在这个“黑暗”的时期,在浓郁的基督教文化笼罩之下却奇特地诞生了诸多辉煌的历史成就,这其中又以中世纪大学最为夺目。欧洲的中世纪大学是由基督教教会的修道院学校和主教坐堂学校发展而来,于12世纪兴起并在与基督教教会和世俗政权的相互周旋中发展壮大起来。基督教教会视中世纪大学为培养神学人才的场所,并把大学看成是对抗异端邪说的阵地。因此,基督教教会对中世纪大学教学内容非常关注,种种限制与影响确立了大学诞生之后的基础学科,也成为近代早期大学的学科设置基础。通过相关史料的研究和逻辑判断我们发现,基督教在精神和文化的领域对大学学科设置的规范和发展发挥着积极的功效。基督教会在当时的时代条件下所采取的种种措施也很大程度上促进了欧洲大学的发展进步并为近代大学学科设置打下基础,同时一些消极的影响也不容忽视。现代大学的高等教育起源于中世纪的欧洲,而中世纪欧洲的大学教育是在基督教教会的庇护下发展壮大起来的。所以,如果能正确理清基督教会在中世纪大学发展,尤其在学科设置中所起的作用,也许会对研究中世纪大学其它相关问题能够有一个更加全面的认识,也是值得研究的一个问题。本文主要由导论、正文三个章节和总结部分组成。第一部分为导论,主要阐述了本论文的研究背景、选题意义、国内外研究现状以及本论文的研究方法。正文第一章论述了欧洲中世纪大学产生的历史文化背景,主要介绍了大学诞生的摇篮——修道院的文化教育、大学的诞生过程及大学诞生后基督教教会对中世纪大学的支持与控制。第二章阐述了基督教教会对中世纪大学学科设置的影响,首先阐述了“学科”概念和中世纪大学课程设置概况。中世纪大学的教学内容主要涉及医学、法学、文学和神学四科,本章着重论述了基督教对中世纪大学医、法、文、神这四大学院学科设置的影响,并总结了中世纪大学学科设置的几个主要特点。第三章主要论述了中世纪末期及近代早期基督教对大学学科设置的影响及束缚,首先阐述中世纪大学中传统学院学科的变化,其次是传统学科之外诞生的新兴学科,并总结了这两个时期大学学科设置的主要特点。最后为总结部分,在承认基督教和基督教会对中世纪欧洲大学发展存在一定束缚影响下,肯定其对大学分科和大学规范管理的进步作用和积极影响,以及对我们当下大学教育的借鉴和启示意义。
[Abstract]:In medieval Europe by historians called the "dark Millennium era", because at that time in Europe in the long-term theocracy under the rule of personal thought and social progress are great shackles and, but it is in the "dark" period, in a strong Christian culture shadow but strangely the birth of many historical achievements, the medieval University most eye-catching. The medieval universities of Europe by the Christian Church convent school and Cathedral School Development, in twelfth Century and the rise in and the Christian Church and the secular regime with each other to thrive. The Christian Church as the medieval university place for training theological talents and as a university position against heretical beliefs. Therefore, the Christian Church is very concerned about the medieval university teaching content, the restrictions and influencing the establishment of the College After the birth of the basic disciplines, has become a modern university early academic settings. We found through research and logical judgment of the relevant historical norms and the development of Christian setting of university discipline in the spiritual and cultural fields play a positive effect. The church all sorts of measures taken in the historical conditions is also great the degree of progress and promote the development of the European University and lay the foundation for the modern university curriculum at the same time, some negative effects can not be ignored.
The Modern University of higher education originated in medieval Europe, the medieval university education in Europe is growing up in a Christian Church asylum. So, if the history of Christianity in medieval university to sort out correctly, especially in the subject setting in the role of research universities in the middle ages may be other related problems can have a a more comprehensive understanding, is a problem worthy of study.
This paper consists of introduction, three chapters and conclusion. The first part is the introduction, mainly expounds the research background, the significance of the topic, research status at home and abroad and the research methods of the dissertation. The first chapter discusses the generation of European medieval universities history cultural background, mainly introduces the birth of University cultural education the cradle of the monastery, the Christian church support and control of the medieval university and the university after the birth of the birth process. The second chapter expounds the influence of Christian Church to the medieval university curriculum, first elaborated the overview of "subject" and the concept of the medieval university curriculum. The teaching contents of medieval universities mainly involved in medicine, law, literature four science and theology, this chapter focuses on Christianity in Medieval Universities of medicine, law, literature, setting up the four Faculty of God, and A few main features set medieval university disciplines. The third chapter mainly discusses the late medieval and early modern Christian influence on university disciplinary settings and constraints, firstly expounds the changes of Traditional University Institute of medieval science, followed by the birth of new subject outside the traditional disciplines, and summarized the main characteristics of this set of two periods of university discipline at last is the conclusion part, in recognition of Christianity and the Christian Church in medieval European University development bound under the influence of certain university branch and standardize the management of the University for progress and positive influence, and to our current university education significance.

【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G642.3;G649.1

【参考文献】