津巴布韦高等教育质量保障研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 14:52

本文选题：津巴布韦 + 高等教育　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：1980年独立至今,津巴布韦国内社会、政治、经济环境经历了巨大的变化,其高等教育经历了由兴盛到衰落的过程,高等教育质量逐步下滑。优秀人才流失,教学与科研质量下降。在这种背景下,津巴布韦政府继续扩大高等教育规模,一方面为了解决国内不断增长的教育需求,另一方面也为了培养人才以弥补大量优秀人才的流失。这使得原本教育资源就极度缺乏、资金不足的情况加剧,严重影响教育质量。同时,在高等教育全球化大趋势的影响下,人才的流动与交流机会越来越多,出国学习或工作已成为提升自身的重要途径,这就需要高等教育质量保障机构进行学分转换、学历认证。总而言之,提升高等教育质量已刻不容缓,高等教育质量保障势在必行。本研究通过相关文献阅读、实地调研以及对津巴布韦当地高等教育相关人员的访谈,对其高等教育质量保障体系以及实践进行了系统归纳,并总结出津巴布韦高等教育质量保障当前面临的困难与挑战。津巴布韦高等教育质量保障体系分为外部质量保障与内部质量保障,外部质量保障的实施机构为津巴布韦高等教育委员会,其负责津各高等教育机构的认证与注册。通过出台相关的标准对各高校进行监督与评估。内部质量保障则为学校层面,各学校根据高等教育委员会的指导原则结合自身实际情况制订质量保障细则,各个学院再据此制订质量保障规则。质量保障内容主要包括教师教学、科研,学生成就的评估,评估方式主要有同行评审、外部考官评估。当前津巴布韦的经济开始复苏,其高等教育质量保障得到社会各界普遍重视,但仍面临很多困难与挑战,主要表现有：(1)资金短缺是高等教育质量保障面临的一大难题。资金缺乏影响教育的方方面面,如教学设备、教学材料等陈旧,学生住宿条件不能得到满足等等,极大的影响了教育质量。(2)受经济影响,大量优秀教职人员离开津巴布韦,造成津巴布韦高等教育人力资源短缺,现有人员素质有待提高,追根究底,其中工资低是很多教师离开的主要原因。(3)津巴布韦高等教育的大众化己成为一种趋势,为了满足人们对高等教育不断增加的需求,津巴布韦政府决定继续扩大教育规模。在现有条件下,这必然进一步影响高等教育质量。如何平衡高等教育数量与质量的关系,已成为摆在津巴布韦高等教育质量保障面前的重要挑战。(4)作为南部非洲发展共同体的成员国,津巴布韦高等教育走向区域化也是必然的选择。这有助于津巴布韦高等教育更好的融入全球化,同时也有助于提高本国高等教育质量。
[Abstract]:Since the independence of Zimbabwe in 1980, the social, political and economic environment of Zimbabwe has undergone tremendous changes, and its higher education has experienced a process from prosperity to decline, and the quality of higher education has gradually declined.Excellent talent drain, teaching and scientific research quality decline.In this context, the Zimbabwean government continues to expand the scale of higher education, on the one hand to meet the growing domestic demand for education, on the other hand, to train talent to make up for the loss of a large number of talented people.This causes the education resources to be extremely scarce, the insufficient fund situation intensifies, seriously affects the education quality.At the same time, under the influence of the globalization of higher education, there are more and more opportunities for the flow and exchange of talents. Studying abroad or working abroad has become an important way to improve oneself, which requires the credit conversion of higher education quality assurance institutions.Education certification.In a word, it is urgent to improve the quality of higher education, and it is imperative to guarantee the quality of higher education.Through reading relevant documents, field research and interviews with local higher education personnel in Zimbabwe, this study systematically summarized the quality assurance system and practice of higher education.And summarizes the Zimbabwe higher education quality assurance currently faces the difficulty and the challenge.The quality assurance system of higher education in Zimbabwe is divided into external quality assurance and internal quality assurance. The implementing institution of external quality assurance is Zimbabwe higher Education Commission, which is responsible for certification and registration of higher education institutions in Zimbabwe.Through the introduction of relevant standards for the supervision and evaluation of colleges and universities.On the other hand, the internal quality assurance is at the school level. According to the guiding principles of the higher education committee, each school formulates the rules of quality assurance according to its own actual conditions, and every college formulates the quality assurance rules accordingly.The content of quality assurance includes teacher teaching, scientific research, assessment of students' achievement, peer review and external examiner evaluation.At present, the economy of Zimbabwe has begun to recover, and the quality assurance of higher education has received widespread attention from all walks of life in the society, but it still faces many difficulties and challenges, mainly showing that the shortage of funds is one of the major problems faced by the quality assurance of higher education.The lack of funds affected all aspects of education, such as outdated teaching equipment, teaching materials, etc., and so on, which greatly affected the quality of education and the quality of education. A large number of outstanding teaching staff left Zimbabwe.As a result of the shortage of human resources in higher education in Zimbabwe, the quality of existing personnel needs to be improved. In the final analysis, the low salary is the main reason for many teachers to leave.) the popularization of higher education in Zimbabwe has become a trend.To meet the growing demand for higher education, the government has decided to continue to expand the scale of education.Under the existing conditions, this will inevitably further affect the quality of higher education.How to balance the relationship between the quantity and quality of higher education has become an important challenge facing the quality assurance of higher education in Zimbabwe) as a member of the Southern African Development Community,The regionalization of higher education in Zimbabwe is also an inevitable choice.This will help Zimbabwean higher education better integrate into globalization and improve the quality of higher education in Zimbabwe.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.2

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