人力资本与社会资本对大学毕业生就业的影响

发布时间：2018-04-19 14:15

本文选题：人力资本 + 社会资本　；参考：《山西财经大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：大学生就业问题关系着学生、家庭，乃至整个社会。它是时下最大的民生问题，备受党和国家领导人的高度重视。2011年党的十七届五中全会明确提出，以科学发展为主题，把促进就业放在经济社会发展优先位置，把解决高校毕业生就业问题作为工作重点。在国内产业结构转型和国外经济形势不容乐观的特殊时期，政府、社会、高等院校都在通过多种就业手段来帮助大学生成功就业。本文从微观角度进行研究，对大学生的人力资本因素与社会资本因素详细分析，定性说明人力资本因素与社会资本因素对就业的作用。在人力资本因素对毕业生就业影响当中，分用人单位、高等院校两个层次说明这些因素如何产生作用；在社会资本因素对毕业生就业影响当中，详细阐述在“正式制度”缺位时，社会资本因素所带来的积极作用与消极影响。学术界研究人力资本、社会资本与就业关系时，往往很少关注这两大资本对就业的耦合作用以及两者之间的关系，在本研究中对此做出详细阐述。本文借鉴人力资本、社会资本等相关理论后，结合自己研究的实际情况，提炼出表示人力资本、社会资本的一系列研究指标，在实证部分定量分析这些指标对毕业生就业的影响。研究发现：个体综合素质越高，越容易初次就业，就业起薪越高，其中不同指标对于就业情况的影响程度不尽相同；弱关系在普通高校毕业生获得就业信息方面起重要作用，同时也看到，往往求职者获取就业信息后，再通过自身周边的强关系以及间接的关系来找到合适的工作。在本文研究结果的基础上，提出针对高校大学生、高等院校以及政府的建议。首先，，作为就业主体的高校大学生，应该利用大学四年光阴努力培养学习精神，积累人力资本，积极拓展社会资本。其次，作为教育服务提供者的高校应该创新人才培养模式；完善就业指导机制；培养毕业生正确的择业求职观。最后，政府应该营造公平竞争的就业环境，改革户籍制度；优化特定就业岗位政策；加大和引导人力资本投资；建立毕业生就业信息交流网络。
[Abstract]:The employment problem of college students is related to students, families and even the whole society.It is the biggest issue of people's livelihood nowadays and is highly valued by party and state leaders. In 2011, the Fifth Plenary session of the 17th CPC Central Committee explicitly proposed that the promotion of employment should be given priority to economic and social development with the theme of scientific development.To solve the employment problem of college graduates as the focus of work.In the special period of the transformation of domestic industrial structure and the economic situation of foreign countries, the government, society and institutions of higher learning are helping college students to obtain employment successfully through a variety of employment methods.This paper makes a detailed analysis of the factors of human capital and social capital of college students from the microcosmic point of view, and explains qualitatively the effect of human capital factors and social capital factors on employment.Among the effects of human capital factors on graduates' employment, there are two levels of employers and institutions of higher learning to explain how these factors work; in the social capital factors, the effects of social capital factors on graduates' employment are discussed.This paper expounds the positive and negative effects of social capital factors in the absence of formal system.When the academic circles study the relationship between human capital, social capital and employment, little attention is paid to the coupling effect of these two capital to employment and the relationship between them.This paper draws lessons from human capital, social capital and other relevant theories, combines with the actual situation of my own research, and extracts a series of research indicators representing human capital and social capital.In the empirical part of quantitative analysis of the impact of these indicators on graduate employment.It is found that the higher the comprehensive quality of individuals, the easier it is to obtain employment for the first time, and the higher the starting salary is, the different indicators have different influence on the employment situation, and the weak relationship plays an important role in obtaining employment information for college graduates.At the same time, often job seekers obtain employment information, and then through their peripheral strong relationship and indirect relationship to find a suitable job.On the basis of the research results, the paper puts forward some suggestions for college students, colleges and universities and the government.First of all, as the main body of employment, college students should make use of four years of university time to cultivate the spirit of study, accumulate human capital and actively expand social capital.Secondly, as an educational service provider, colleges and universities should innovate the mode of talent training, perfect the employment guidance mechanism, and cultivate the graduates' correct outlook on job hunting.Finally, the government should create a fair and competitive employment environment, reform the household registration system, optimize specific employment policies, increase and guide human capital investment, and establish a network of employment information exchange for graduates.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F249.2;G647.38

【相似文献】