大学生自评：公共必修课程对“德智体美劳”全面素质发展的影响

发布时间：2018-04-24 02:14

本文选题：本科 + 公共必修课程　；参考：《西南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》(2010-2020年)明确提出教育应当“全面贯彻党的教育方针,坚持教育为社会主义现代化建设服务、为人民服务、与生产劳动和社会实践相结合,培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。”培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人是我国不同阶段的教育所追求的共同目标。而培养出全面素质发展的高素质人才是大学教育的重要任务之一,因此探讨大学生的全面素质发展意义非凡。大学阶段的“全面”性发展主要包括“德智体美劳”的全面素质发展,还包括个性、创造性和专业发展。而“德智体美劳”的全面素质发展是个性、创造性和专业发展的基础,是“全面”性发展的基础条件。因此,本文主要研究的是在大学生“全面”性发展中期基础作用的“德智体美劳”的全面素质发展。影响大学生全面素质发展有多种因素,课程是主要渠道。公共必修课程是“高等学校中学习任何专业都必须修习的课程。公共必修课程虽然不同专业有直接联系,但它是培养德、智、体、美、劳全面发展的专门人才的必要课程”。’是为了保障所有大学生在“德智体美劳”等方面发展、为专业学习打下坚实基础的共同课程。门类与结构合理的公共必修课程,是实现大学生德智体美劳全面素质发展的保证和必要条件。那么,本科公共必修课程是否起到了促进大学生德智体美劳全面素质发展的作用呢?本研究通过大学生在公共必修课程影响下对自身德智体美劳全面素质发展水平的自评来探索公共必修课程设置所存在的问题,提出本科公共必修课程的门类与结构。研究采用自编《公共课程对大学生全面素质发展影响的自评》(参见附录),从三个方面了解大学生对公共必修课程和自身素质发展关系的认识和评价。第一,大学生对公共必修课程价值的认识；第二,本科公共必修课程与自身全面素质发展关系的自我评价；第三,公共必修课程设置所存在的问题。本研究选取六所大学的本科全日制文科、理科生共686人为研究对象。调查显示：第一,在被调查的学生中,40%的学生不知道公共必修课程主要影响德智体美劳全面素质的发展；不足35%的学生知道公共选修课程主要影响个性发展；仅30%的学生知道公共必修课程主要影响创造性发展；83.7%的学生能认识到专业课程对专业发展有主要影响。可见,大学生对高校课程开设的价值并没有清楚的认识。第二,“美育类(如高校美育)”课程和“思维训练类(如普通逻辑学)”课程在整个大学阶段并未作为必修课程出现；第三,在公共必修课程的影响下,大学生德、智、体、劳四方面发展期待程度极其显高于发展实际程度(p=0.0000.001)；第四,现有公共课程当中,思维训练和美育类课程的影响最弱。大学生在欣赏美、表现美和创造美三个方面发展实际水平极其显著低于发展期待水平(p=0.0000.001)；大学生在知识(基础知识、专业知识)、技能(读写算、实验、运动、生产)和智力(感知观察、思维能力、记忆)三大指标上发展实际水平极其显著低于发展期待水平(p=0.0000.001)；第五,总体而言,“德智体美劳”全面素质发展程度均值平均数由高到低依次为：美(3.29)、体(3.15)、智(3.09)、德(3.05)、劳(2.97)。其中德智体美劳全面素质发展的具体各项指标发展程度均值由高到低依次欣赏美(3.64)、表现美(3.28)、体质和体魄(3.20)、知识(3.18)、体育运动知识和技能(3.15)、体育运动习惯(3.09)、道德品质(3.08)、思想观点与技能(3.06)、智力(3.04)、政治立场(3.01)、创造美(2.95)、劳动观(2.85)、劳动习惯(2.79)、劳动知识与技能(2.74)。本研究表明,公共必修课程在实现大学生“德智体美劳”全面素质发展中具有不可或缺的作用。据此,本研究指出并建议完整的公共必修课程门类应包括：《毛、邓、三》、《中国近代史纲要》、《形势与政策》、《军训和军事理论》、《马克思主义基本原理》、《思想道德修养与法律基础》、《大学英语》、《大学计算机基础》、思维训练类课程(如《普通逻辑学》)、《大学体育》、美育类课程(如《高校美育》)、《大学生职业发展与就业指导》。完善的公共必修课程主要促进大学生德智体美劳全面素质的发展,并以此为基础对学生的个性、创造性和专业发展有一定的促进作用。本研究的创新在于在前人研究的基础上,提出了完善公共必修课程门类和分析德智体美劳全面素质发展的各项指标。介于作者水平有限,关于德智体美劳全面素质的发展和个性、创造性以及专业发展的相互影响上,有待进一步研究。
[Abstract]:"The outline of the national medium and long term education reform and development plan > (2010-2020 years) clearly put forward that education should" fully implement the party's educational policy, adhere to the service of education for socialist modernization, serve the people, combine with productive labor and social practice, and cultivate socialist builders and successors of the comprehensive development of the United States and the United States and the body. " To train the socialist builders and successors of the all-round development of the moral and intellectual bodies and the all-round development of our country is the common goal of the education in different stages of our country. And it is one of the important tasks to cultivate high-quality talents with comprehensive quality development. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the overall quality of college students. The development of the exhibition mainly includes the all-round development of "morality and wisdom and the beauty of work", including personality, creativity and professional development. The development of the all-round quality of "the moral and the think body and the beautiful work" is the basis of individuality, creativity and professional development, and the basic condition of "comprehensive" development. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to study the middle period of "comprehensive" development of college students. There are many factors affecting the development of the overall quality of the college students. The main channel is the curriculum. The public compulsory course is the course "the learning of any major in the higher schools. The public compulsory course, although the different specialties have direct connection, it is the training of Germany, intelligence, body, beauty, and labor." The necessary curriculum for the all-round development of specialized talents is to ensure the development of all college students in the aspects of "virtue, think, body and work" and so on, to lay a solid foundation for professional learning. The class and the reasonable structure of public compulsory courses are the guarantee and necessary condition for the realization of the all-round quality development of the university students.
So, does the undergraduate course play a role in promoting the overall quality development of the college students' morality, think body, beauty and work? This study tries to explore the problems of the public compulsory courses by self evaluation of the self-assessment of the overall quality of their work under the influence of public compulsory courses, and puts forward the compulsory course of the undergraduate course. The study of self-assessment and evaluation on the relationship between public compulsory courses and their own quality development from three aspects. First, college students' understanding of the course value of public compulsory courses; second, undergraduate course compulsory courses. The self evaluation of the relationship with the development of its own overall quality; third, the problems existing in the setting of public compulsory courses. This study selected the undergraduate full time liberal arts of six universities and 686 subjects of science students.
The survey showed that:
First, among the students surveyed, 40% of the students did not know that the compulsory courses mainly influenced the development of the all-round quality of the German and the intellectual, while less than 35% of the students knew that the public elective courses mainly influenced the development of personality; only 30% of the students knew that the compulsory courses mainly influenced the creative development, and 83.7% of the students could recognize the professional courses. It has a major impact on professional development. It can be seen that college students do not have a clear understanding of the value of courses offered in Colleges and universities.
Second, "Aesthetic Education (such as college aesthetic education)" and "thinking training (such as general logic)" courses did not appear as compulsory courses in the whole university stage.
Third, under the influence of the public compulsory courses, the expectation degree of the four aspects of university students' moral, intellectual, physical and mental development is significantly higher than the actual level of development (p=0.0000.001).
Fourth, among the existing public courses, the influence of thinking training and aesthetic education courses is the weakest. College students are extremely significantly lower than the development expectation level (p=0.0000.001) in the three aspects of appreciation of beauty, expressive beauty and creative beauty; college students are in knowledge (basic knowledge, professional knowledge), skills (reading, writing, experiment, sports, production) and intelligence ( The three major indicators of perceptual observation, thinking ability and memory were significantly lower than the development expectation level (p=0.0000.001); fifth, in general, the average average of the overall quality development of the "German and the think body and the beauty" from high to low was in the order of beauty (3.29), body (3.15), intelligence (3.09), Germany (3.05), and labour (2.97). The development degree of specific indicators for the development of surface quality is from high to low to appreciate beauty (3.64), show beauty (3.28), physique and body (3.20), knowledge (3.18), sports and sports knowledge and skills (3.15), sports habit (3.09), moral quality (3.08), ideas and skills (3.06), intelligence (3.04), political position (3.01), creation of beauty (2.95), labor (2.95), labor. " Outlook (2.85), labor habits (2.79), labor knowledge and skills (2.74).
This study shows that the compulsory course of public compulsory courses plays an indispensable role in realizing the overall quality development of the college students' "moral and intellectual work". Accordingly, this study points out and suggests that a complete class of compulsory courses should include: < Mao, Deng, three >, < the outline of modern history of China >, < situation and policy >, < military training and military theory > > < Marx's doctrine basis. This principle > < ideological and moral cultivation and legal basis > > University English > University Computer Foundation > thinking training courses (such as < ordinary logic >), < College PE >, aesthetic education courses (such as "College Aesthetic Education >"), < college career development and employment guidance >. The perfect public compulsory courses mainly promote the overall quality of college students in virtue and think body, beauty and work. On the basis of the previous research, the innovation of this study is to improve the categories of the public compulsory courses and to analyze the development of the comprehensive quality of the German and the intellectual. The interaction between quality development and personality, creativity and professional development needs further study.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G641

【参考文献】