基于学科的中国研究型大学院系设置研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 01:41

本文选题：研究型大学 + 院系设置　；参考：《华中科技大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：我国大学规模的扩张以及现代知识分化与综合的悖论式发展模式,使得以探求“高深知识”为目的的大学组织必然性地发生变革。大学的院系,是大学管理层级中的核心部分,是大学实现自己三大职能的组织保障。研究型大学的院系设置改革,既是世界高等教育理论研究的一个薄弱环节,又是我国研究型大学建设,甚至是世界高水平大学和世界一流大学建设的一个关键因素。新形势下,我国研究型大学的院系设置当前要面对并解决两个主要问题：第一是如何有效解决规模扩张与管理效率之间的矛盾；第二是院系设置如何包容与促进学科分化与综合的两种发展趋势。要解决这些矛盾与问题就需要我们对一些现实问题作出思考与回应：为什么会出现大学院系设置的乱象?大学院系设置的基本逻辑是什么?大学院系设置到底要遵循什么原则?大学院系在学校中到底处于什么地位?大学院系内部的权力结构应该如何? 我国大学院系设置变革历经开端、停顿与活跃等三个时期,由于我国现代大学制度建设的不健全、院系设置改革的价值取向不一以及物质条件的制约与现实阻力的困扰,造成我国大学院系设置存在院系设置的依据不清,院系设置随意性大；学校管理缺位,院系权责不清；运行机制的失控化等现象,这些现象可能会削弱了优势学科的实力、造成资源浪费与效率下降以及管理运行机制的失灵。我国研究型大学的知识本质和科层制结构的现实,决定了我国研究型大学的院系设置应该遵循知识分化与融合的学科逻辑以及知识管理与科层管理的内在逻辑。也正是基于知识与管理的双重逻辑使得大学的院系设置改革需要借用管理跨度理论、知识管理理论以及知识创新群理论。研究型大学院系设置要在遵循教书育人的价值取向以及学科发展的行为取向的基础上,按照管理幅度的可及性原则、学科发展与大学目标一致性原则以及权变性与特色性相结合的原则进行改革。研究型大学院系设置首先要满足三个前提性因素：即学校规模要素、门类齐全的学科要素以及学术水平要素。在学科逻辑的背景下,以大学科群或者大学科门类为基石构建学院,以二级学科为单位建立系,同时可以以前瞻性的学科为基础成立特色学院；在管理逻辑的背景下,要强调院系相对独立的实体性地位,合理分配学校、学院以及系的权力,坚持以学术权力为主导性力量。在学科逻辑与管理逻辑的双重作用下,研究型大学的院系运作机制需要关注院系的用人机制、财务机制以及仪器设备共享机制的建立与效率提升。北京师范大学的“校中校”模式、浙江大学的“学部制”以及华中科技大学不断完善的“学院制”是当前我国研究型大学院系设置改革的三种典型模式。三种模式都非常关注学科的中心地位,但是,总体说来院系中学科的宽窄度、关联度和认受度还不理想,学院数量过多、学科容量过小以及学科结构失调；还由于不合理的资源分配与激励方式的存在,院系设置异化为一种利益分配行为,所以院系的设置还存在盲目从众与攀比以及同质化竞争等现象。今后,我国研究型大学院系设置中需要重点关注几个问题：紧紧抓住大学院系设置变革的实质进行改革,否则会使大学的院系设置在改革中异化；关注不同大学的文化,能否正确处理学科发展中的矛盾是决定院系组织变革成功与否的重要因素；注意正确处理院系内部的利益冲突问题,实现激励与约束兼容等。
[Abstract]:The expansion of the scale of the University and the paradoxical development model of modern knowledge differentiation and synthesis make the university organization with the aim of exploring the "profound knowledge" inevitably change. The University Department is the core part of the university management level and the organizational guarantee for the university to realize its three major functions. The reform is not only a weak link in the theoretical research of higher education in the world, but also a key factor in the construction of research universities in China, even the construction of high level universities in the world and the world class universities. Under the new situation, the establishment of our research universities should face and solve two main problems: first, how to solve the problem effectively. The contradiction between the expansion of scale and the efficiency of management; second is the two development trends of how to accommodate and promote the differentiation and synthesis of disciplines. To solve these contradictions and problems, we need to think and respond to some practical problems: Why are the university departments set up in chaos? The basic logic of the setting up of college departments What is it? What principles should be followed in the establishment of a college department? What is the position of the University Department in the school? What is the power structure within the University Department?
The reform of the university departments in our country has been set up in the three periods, such as the beginning, the pause and the active and so on. Because of the unsound construction of the modern university system in our country, the different value orientation of the reform of the colleges and departments, the constraints of the material conditions and the plaguing of the realistic resistance, the establishment of the colleges and departments in our university is not clear, and the departments are set arbitrarily. This phenomenon may weaken the strength of the dominant discipline, cause the loss of resources and efficiency and the failure of the management mechanism.
The reality of the essence of knowledge and the structure of bureaucracy in our research universities determines that the establishment of our research universities should follow the logic of knowledge differentiation and integration and the internal logic of knowledge management and bureaucratic management. It is also based on the dual logic of knowledge and management that the reform of college department setting up needs to be borrowed. Theory of knowledge span, knowledge management theory and knowledge innovation group theory.
On the basis of the value orientation of teaching and educating people and the behavior orientation of the development of discipline, the establishment of research universities should be reformed on the basis of the principle of the accessibility of the scope of management, the principle of the consistency of the subject development and the university goals, and the principle of the combination of the right change and the characteristic.
The establishment of a research university department should first meet three precondition factors: the school scale element, the complete subject elements and the academic level elements. Under the background of the discipline logic, the college is built on the basis of the university group or the university science class, with the two level subject as a single establishment and the forward-looking subject as the basis. On the basis of management logic, we should emphasize the relatively independent and substantive status of the departments and departments, rationally allocate the power of schools, colleges and departments, and insist on the leading power of academic power. Under the dual role of logic and logic of discipline, the operational mechanism of research type colleges and departments needs to pay attention to the use of human-computer system in the departments and departments. The establishment and efficiency improvement of the system of system, financial mechanism and instrument and equipment sharing mechanism. The "school center" mode of Beijing Normal University, the "school system" of Zhejiang University and the "college system" which Huazhong University of Science and Technology has constantly improved are the three typical models of the reform of our research universities and departments at present. The three modes are all very concerned with the study. The central position of the Department is, however, as a whole, the breadth of the middle school department, the degree of relevance and acceptance are not ideal, the number of colleges and universities is too large, the subject capacity is too small, and the discipline structure is maladjusted. Blindly follow the crowd and compete and homogenization competition.
In the future, we need to focus on several issues in the setting up of our research universities and departments: grasp the essence of the university departments to set up the reform, otherwise it will make the university departments set up in the reform of the reform; it is necessary to pay attention to the culture of different universities and to deal with the contradictions in the development of the subject correctly. Attention should be paid to the proper handling of conflicts of interests within the departments and the compatibility of incentives and constraints.

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.2

【引证文献】