老挝高等教育管理体制研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 13:50

本文选题：老挝高等教育 + 高等教育改革　；参考：《天津大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：1909年，老挝开始开展高等教育，在万象建立了第一所师范院校。1958年，在万象建立第一所大学。随着教育事业的不断发展壮大，老挝开始建立越来越多的高等职业院校，1990年私立高校开始兴起。至今，，老挝有5所大学，10所师范学院，22所职业院校和90所私立高校。老挝政府高度重视教育事业，把发展教育作为基本国策。1986年以来，政府提出高等教育不仅应该服务于政府，还应该为经济和社会的发展提供人才。2000年实行教育改革，实施三个大发展策略，包括扩大入学机会策略、提高教学质量与配合市场策略和提高教育管理策略。在老挝高等教育不断发展的过程中，立法也不断调整。从1962年第一次制订教育法，国家教育法律一直在不断调整中。2000年，新教育法被宣布为主要教育法，同时关于私立教育的法律也出台，成为推进私立高校发展的力量。现在除了教育法，还用政府部门的法令、教育部的政策来管理高等教育。老挝高等教育由四个部分组成的：师范教育、大学教育、职业教育、私立高校。老挝高等教育管理体制采取集权管理模式，由教育部的四个司分别管理:师范教育司、高等教育司、职业教育司和私立教育司。中央掌握决定权，如审批建立与解除学校，制订课程等，地方政府有管理财政与人力资源的权力。老挝高校管理体制分为两种：公立高校管理模式和私立高校管理模式。老挝高等教育管理体制面临的主要问题为高等教育发展不平衡，高校大致集中在大城市，导致了边远地区和少数民族子女上学比例低；注重初等和高等教育，职业教育环节薄弱，专业面窄，政府重视度和社会认可度不高，不能适应经济发展的需求；高校招生多，教师和教学设备相对不足，加上教师整体学历遍低，导致教学质量不高；高校内部管理体制不完善，包括立法不完备、财政管理效率不高、教育监督落后、对外合作交流少等。解决现存问题的主要对策体现在多个方面。首先是增加教育资金，所有的问题都跟资金有关系；其次要调整高等教育机构及提高教学质量。要提高质量必须提高教师的学历、提高教师的生活条件、完善教学设备和课程内容等。同时要调整高等教育立法及监管高校制度，加强对外交流合作，要提高与国内的企业合作，要向发达国家学习，借鉴国外良好的教育管理方式。
[Abstract]:In 1909, Laos began to carry out higher education. In Vientiane, the first normal university was established in.1958 and the first university was established in Vientiane. With the continuous development and expansion of education, Laos began to establish more and more higher vocational colleges and higher vocational colleges. In 1990, private colleges and universities began to rise. To this day, there are 5 universities, 10 normal colleges and 22 occupations in Laos. Colleges and 90 private colleges and universities.
Since the Laos government attaches great importance to the cause of education and regards development education as the basic national policy of.1986, the government has proposed that higher education should not only serve the government, but also provide educational reform for the economic and social development in the year.2000, and carry out three major development strategies, including the expansion of the opportunity strategy of enrollment, and the improvement of teaching quality and cooperation. Market strategy and education management strategy.
In the course of the continuous development of higher education in Laos, the legislation has been constantly adjusted. From the first education law in 1962, the national education law has been continuously adjusted for.2000 years. The new education law has been declared as the main education law. Meanwhile, the laws on private education have also been introduced to promote the development of private colleges and universities. It also uses the decrees of the government departments and the Ministry of education to manage higher education.
The higher education of Laos is composed of four parts: normal education, university education, vocational education, private colleges and universities. The management system of higher education in Laos adopts a centralized management model, which is managed by the four divisions of the Ministry of Education: the teacher education department, the higher education department, the Vocational education department and the private education department. The central authority has the right to decide, such as the establishment and interpretation of the examination and approval. In addition to schools and courses, local governments have the power to manage financial and human resources. The management system of University in Laos is divided into two types: the management mode of public universities and the management mode of private colleges and universities.
The main problems facing the management system of higher education in Laos are the imbalance in the development of higher education and the centralization of colleges and universities in large cities, which has led to the low proportion of children in remote areas and minority children, paying attention to primary and higher education, weak vocational education, narrow professional education, poor government attention and social recognition, and unable to adapt to the economy. The demand for development, the higher enrollment of colleges and universities, the relative shortage of teachers and teaching equipment, and the low teachers' overall educational background, the quality of the teaching is not high, the internal management system in Colleges and universities is not perfect, including imperfect legislation, poor financial management efficiency, backward education supervision and less foreign cooperation.
The main countermeasures to solve the existing problems are in many aspects. First, it is to increase education funds, all the problems are related to the funds; secondly, the higher education institutions should be adjusted and the quality of teaching should be improved. The whole higher education legislation and supervision of the institution of higher education, the enhancement of foreign exchange and cooperation, the improvement of cooperation with domestic enterprises, the study of the developed countries, and the good educational management methods of foreign countries.

【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.334

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