美国和日本对外教育援助比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 11:00

本文选题：对外教育援助 + 理念　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：对外教育援助作为对外援助的重要组成部分,越来越受到世界各国的重视。而国际援助结构中,美国和日本占据着重要的地位。前者不论在发展历史、援助规模,还是援助政策和管理模式上都处于世界领先地位,后者历经六十多年的发展,对外援助战略逐渐形成了自身的特点,并且在20世纪90年代连续八年保持世界第一。美国和日本的对外教育援助是比较有代表性的,比较两国的对外教育援助有助于加深对国际教育援助的认识,对我国的对外教育援助事业也具有重要的启发意义。本研究以美国和日本的对外教育援助为研究对象,运用文献法、比较法、历史法和因素分析法,从两国对外教育援助的发展历史、对外教育援助理念、对外教育援助内容和形式、对外教育援助效果和评价以及对外教育援助区域分布等方面,比较分析了两国对外教育援助的异同。研究发现,美国和日本对外教育援助是紧紧追随本国对外援助战略的,并随着本国在各个时期的对外战略的变化而变化。两国对外教育援助理念依附于国家整体对外战略,并为其国家利益服务,都具有很强的战略工具性。美国的对外教育援助理念当中政治战略、意识形态和国家安全因素方面的考虑比较多,而日本的对外教育援助理念始终是寻找外交战略与经济发展战略的最佳利益均衡点。在对外教育援助内容和形式上,二者存在比较大的差异,美国在对外教育援助软件建设上的投入比例远远高于日本,而在学校基础设施建设等硬件援助方面,日本投入的比例则要大于美国。美国和日本都成立了专门的对外援助机构,并形成了自己富有特色的管理模式,重视对外援助效果和评价。在对外教育援助分布区域上,美国和日本都将亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲作为对外教育援助的重点区域,只不过在某些时期会根据本国对外战略的需要进行一定的调整。本研究在比较分析美国和日本对外教育援助基础上,结合我国对外教育援助发展的实际情况,进行了总结和思考,希望能够为我国对外教育援助的发展提供某些有益的借鉴和启示。本文认为,一国对外援助的最终目的是为了实现国家利益,对外教育援助应该也能够为援助国带来政治、经济、安全和文化等方面的国家利益；对外教育援助具有援助产品属性和教育产品属性,本质上来说是不同文化之间的冲撞和融合。因此,我国的对外教育援助乃至整个对外援助,需要做好以下几个方面的工作,一是要形成科学、合理的对外援助理念体系；二是要突出对外教育援助的中国文化特色；三是要形成统一、高效的对外援助管理和评价体
[Abstract]:As an important part of foreign aid, foreign education aid has been paid more and more attention by countries all over the world. In the international aid structure, the United States and Japan play an important role. The former is in a leading position in the world in terms of development history, aid scale, aid policy and management mode. After more than 60 years of development, the foreign aid strategy has gradually formed its own characteristics. And in the 1990 s to maintain the world for eight consecutive years. The foreign educational aid of the United States and Japan is more representative. Comparing the foreign educational aid of the two countries is helpful to deepen the understanding of the international educational aid, and also has important enlightening significance to our country's foreign education aid cause. This study takes the foreign educational aid of the United States and Japan as the research object, applies the literature method, the comparative method, the historical law and the factor analysis method, from the two countries foreign education aid development history, the foreign education aid idea, The contents and forms of foreign education aid, the effect and evaluation of foreign education aid and the regional distribution of foreign education aid are compared and analyzed. It is found that the foreign education aid of the United States and Japan closely follows its own foreign aid strategy and changes with the changes of its foreign strategy in various periods. The concept of foreign education aid of the two countries depends on the overall foreign strategy of the country and serves their national interests. Both countries have a strong strategic instrumental nature. The political strategy, ideology and national security factors are considered in American foreign education aid concept, while Japan's foreign education aid concept is always the best benefit balance point to find diplomatic strategy and economic development strategy. In terms of the content and form of foreign educational aid, there is a big difference between the two. The proportion of US investment in foreign educational aid software construction is much higher than that in Japan, while in the area of hardware assistance such as school infrastructure construction, Japan's share of investment is larger than that of the United States. Both the United States and Japan have set up special foreign aid agencies, and have formed their own unique management model, which attaches importance to the effectiveness and evaluation of foreign aid. In the distribution of foreign education aid, the United States and Japan regard Asia, Africa and Latin America as the key regions of foreign education aid, but in some periods they will adjust their foreign strategy according to the needs of their own foreign strategy. On the basis of comparative analysis of foreign educational aid from the United States and Japan, this study summarizes and ponders the development of foreign education aid in China. Hope to provide some useful reference and enlightenment for the development of our country's foreign education aid. This paper holds that the ultimate purpose of a country's foreign aid is to realize the national interest, and foreign education aid should also bring political, economic, security and cultural benefits to the donor country. Foreign educational aid has the attributes of aid products and educational products, which is essentially a clash and fusion between different cultures. Therefore, our country's foreign education aid, even the whole foreign aid, needs to do well in the following aspects: first, to form a scientific and reasonable foreign aid concept system, second, to highlight the Chinese cultural characteristics of foreign education aid; Third, it is necessary to form a unified and efficient foreign aid management and evaluation system.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.1

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