大学生论证思考能力的调查分析

发布时间：2018-05-04 21:26

本文选题：大学生 + 论证能力　；参考：《杭州师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：论证被称为科学的语言,被认为是促进概念改变的有效工具。论证作为一个新兴的研究领域,已经成为现今科学教育及其研究的热点问题。虽然课程标准中并未直接提出“论证”,但在自然与生活领域中,蕴含论证精神的能力指标却有很多,例如：对他人的回答或报告提出合理地求证和质疑、能和别人讨论不同的想法和方法,选择最合适的。论证可以帮助学生学习如何参与科学讨论,帮助学生提高科学素养。国外许多国家已经早就在科学教育中进行专门的论证教学,但在我国大陆地区,关于论证的研究非常少。本研究借用的是Toulmin和拉卡托斯的两种研究方式,对大学生的论证能力进行调查研究。不管是Toulmin还是拉卡托斯的研究方式,调查结果都显示,当前大学生论证能力还急需提高。大学生接受一个观点或是提出一个观点时,很大一部分人不能从多角度多方面进行分析,而是更喜欢只找支持自己的观点的论据,有些甚至从不考虑其他人的观点和看法,不知道别人可能对同一问题的看法,也不知道怎样去反驳不同的观点。为了提高大学生的论证能力,我国高等院校应该重视这方面的教育,适当的进行论证教学,培养他们的批判性思维,让他们能理性的思考。有了较好的论证能力,科学素养也能更好的提高。
[Abstract]:Argumentation is called the language of science and is considered an effective tool for conceptual change. As a new research field, argumentation has become a hot issue in science education and research. Although "argumentation" is not directly presented in the curriculum standards, in the field of nature and life, there are many indicators of competence that contain the spirit of argumentation, such as reasonable verification and questioning of other people's answers or reports. Be able to discuss different ideas and methods with others and choose the most appropriate. Argumentation can help students learn how to participate in scientific discussions and help students improve their scientific literacy. Many countries abroad have already carried out special argumentation teaching in science education, but in mainland China, the research on argumentation is very few. This research borrows Toulmin and Lakatos's two kinds of research methods, carries on the investigation and the research to the university student's argumentation ability. Whether it's Toulmin or Lakatos's research, the findings show that college students' argumentation needs to be improved. When a college student accepts a point of view or puts forward a point of view, a large number of people are not able to analyze from many angles and aspects, but prefer to find only arguments that support their own point of view, and some do not even consider the views and opinions of others. I don't know what other people might think about the same issue, or how to refute different views. In order to improve the students' argumentation ability, colleges and universities in our country should pay attention to this aspect of education, properly carry on the demonstration teaching, train their critical thinking, let them think rationally. With better argumentation, scientific literacy can be improved better.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G642

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