美国高校教师聘用类型的分层

发布时间：2018-05-07 13:28

本文选题：教师聘用类型 + 终身教职轨　；参考：《中国高教研究》2014年12期

【摘要】：教师聘任是高校人事制度的核心。美国高校在面对社会问责、财政压力的背景下,不断减少终身轨教师聘用,增加非终身轨教师尤其是兼职教师的雇佣,致使高校的师资聘任类型分化为终身教职轨(制)、可续约合同制和临时雇佣制。三种聘用类型在"地位层次结构"及"地位准入机制"有其各自的特点,呈现出一种"结构化"的分层安排。教师聘任的分层一方面有利于教师资源的优化配置;另一方面也带来了关于平等、管理、质量等问题。综观美国高校教师聘任类型的研究与实践,这种"结构化"师资聘任安排进一步合理化的路径主要包括:建立以尊重为核心的框架,实现"有机团结";制定公正且灵活的制度,实现不同聘任类型之间的有限转换;实行不同院校和不同学科的差异化聘用,确保符合各自目标使命的教育质量。这些可为我国高校聘任制改革提供参考。
[Abstract]:The appointment of teachers is the core of personnel system in colleges and universities. In the face of social accountability and financial pressure, American colleges and universities continue to reduce the employment of lifelong teachers and increase the employment of non-lifelong teachers, especially part-time teachers. As a result, the type of faculty appointment in colleges and universities is divided into lifelong teaching system (contract system, renewable contract system and temporary employment system). The three types of employment have their own characteristics in "status hierarchy" and "status admission mechanism", showing a "structured" hierarchical arrangement. On the one hand, the stratification of teacher employment is conducive to the optimal allocation of teachers' resources; on the other hand, it also brings about the problems of equality, management, quality and so on. Looking at the research and practice of the types of teacher appointment in American colleges and universities, the way of further rationalization of this kind of "structured" teacher appointment arrangement mainly includes: establishing a framework with respect as the core, realizing "organic unity"; making a fair and flexible system. To achieve the limited conversion between different types of employment, to implement different colleges and different disciplines of different employment, to ensure the quality of education in line with their respective mission. These may provide the reference for our country university appointment system reform.
【作者单位】：中南大学高等教育研究所;
【分类号】：G649.712

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