民国大学之学院制研究（1928-1949）

发布时间：2018-05-08 06:36

本文选题：民国大学 + 学院制度　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：晚清以降,近代中国大学借鉴西方大学教育制度,改变原有的体制,在学术上从“四部之学”发展到“八科之制”,到民初时发展到“七科之制”,再到南京国民政府时期的“八院之制”,大学逐步从分科、分门发展到拥有学院学系之组织,这是民国大学学院制的基本发展脉络。此种大学体制的建立与当时社会的政治、经济、文化环境息息相关。1929年,应时而来的《大学组织法》即由有丰富教学和大学管理经验的留学归国人员所制定,此法借鉴欧美大学学院体系,适应当时国民政府的政治、经济建设需要,注重实用科学,奠定了整个国民政府时期大学学院制的基本格局。大学学院制度的确立和在各所大学的逐渐建立过程,渗透着国家政权、学校内部的多重斗争。内外部制度的共同作用,最终实现了20世纪30年代以后大学的多学科格局。学院制的运行依托于各个大学的相关规章,其对学院制的规定因各个学校的传统而有着不同,公立大学和私立大学在院长选举及职权和院务会议的规定上表现出了一定差异。此所显示的是制度在执行层面的具体性,这在清华大学表现得尤为典型。在院长的民主选举中,清华表现出了民主和“小圈子”的矛盾性,这与中国社会的身份传统不无关系。通过对院长群体的考察,我们发现,留美学生群体在大学学院制中的重要地位,留美学生身份使得他们具有了成为院长的制度性前提,而非制度性因素的多重作用又使得他们任斯职,尔后又长期担任斯职。在制度、身份和民主的对话中,学院制度一直存在,直至因政权更替而幻灭,又随经济的发展而复兴。
[Abstract]:In the late Qing Dynasty, modern Chinese universities used the western university education system for reference, changed the original system, and developed from "four departments" to "eight subjects system" academically, and to "seven subjects system" at the beginning of the Republic of China. In the period of Nanjing National Government, the university gradually developed from the division of departments to the organization of the department of college, which is the basic development context of the university system of the Republic of China. The establishment of such a university system was closely related to the political, economic and cultural environment of the society at that time. In 1929, the University Organization Act, which came in time, was formulated by returned students who had rich experience in teaching and university management. This method draws lessons from the European and American university college system, adapts to the political and economic construction needs of the national government at that time, pays attention to the practical science, and establishes the basic pattern of the university college system in the whole period of the national government. The establishment of the university college system and the gradual establishment process of each university permeate the state power and the multiple struggles within the school. The joint action of internal and external institutions finally realized the multi-disciplinary pattern of universities after the 1930s. The operation of the college system depends on the relevant rules and regulations of each university, and its regulations on the college system vary according to the tradition of each school. Public universities and private universities show certain differences in the election of deans, the terms of reference and the provisions of the council. What this shows is the concreteness of the system at the executive level, which is especially typical in Tsinghua University. In the president's democratic election, Tsinghua showed the contradiction between democracy and "coterie", which had something to do with the identity tradition of Chinese society. Through the investigation of the Dean group, we find that the important status of the students in the United States in the university college system and the status of the students in the United States make them have the institutional premise of becoming dean. The multiple roles of non-institutional factors made them hold the post of Si, and then they held the post for a long time. In the dialogue of system, identity and democracy, the college system existed until it was disillusioned by regime change and revived with the development of economy.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.29

【参考文献】