徽州紫阳书院研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 00:18

本文选题：朱熹 + 紫阳书院　；参考：《浙江大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：朱熹作为理学的集大成者,在书院与理学的一体化以及书院制度确立的过程中影响深远。为了纪念朱熹,人们创建了紫阳书院。徽州是朱熹的故里所在,朱熹生前也曾回乡讲明学术,传播理学。朱熹死后,理宗淳祜六年(1246),徽州太守韩补在歙县南门建立紫阳书院,是众多紫阳书院建立最早的一个。徽州紫阳书院从一开始就有别于徽州地区的其它书院。它是由官方与地方民众联合推动而建成的,其规模较大,建制完备而接近于官学的规模。紫阳书院经过宋明时期的发展,清代中期进入了鼎盛时期。徽州紫阳书院具备祭祀、学术讲会、肄业讲学等功能。祭祀方面,徽州紫阳书院不仅祭祀朱熹,而且更多表现出了理学学派特征,同时,与书院密切关系的学者和官员也成为了书院的主要祭祀对象；讲会方面,徽州紫阳书院经历了起伏的过程,在清代紫阳书院形成了完整的讲会制度,使其成为了徽州的学术中心；讲学方面,徽州紫阳书院讲学的内容上无疑是以朱子的理学为主,但自明中叶也开始讲习八股文,学术与科举并行。在紫阳书院六百多年的历程中,书院先后得到了徽州官员、士人以及商人的支持。清乾隆之前,徽州紫阳书院的经费主要来自于地方官的捐赠以及学田的田租；而乾隆以后,徽商开始扮演了重要的角色,成为了紫阳书院主要的经费来源。此外,紫阳书院的经费的管理也逐渐采取了“交商生息”的商业化操作。清末,由于徽商的衰落和太平天国战争的影响,紫阳书院走向了衰落。徽州紫阳书院由于受到朱熹、徽州地方文化和徽商的影响,呈现出与其它书院不同的特色。从紫阳书院的历史来看,它的发展得到了地方官员、民众,尤其是徽商的大力支持,其建制规模在徽州也是首屈一指的。另外,紫阳书院与程朱理学和清代的皖派的兴衰都有密切的关系,长期成为徽州地区的学术和文化中心。对徽州紫阳书院的个案研究正是建立在它的独特性基础之上的。
[Abstract]:Zhu Xi, as the master of Neo-Confucianism, has a profound influence on the integration of Academy and Neo-Confucianism and the establishment of Academy system. In memory of Zhu Xi, Ziyang Academy was founded. Huizhou is the hometown of Zhu Xi, Zhu Xi also went home to state academic, communication. After the death of Zhu Xi, six years after the death of Chun Hu, Lizong Chun Hu and Taizhou-Hanbu, Huizhou, established Ziyang Academy in Nanmen, Shexian County, which was the earliest one of many Ziyang Academies. Ziyang Academy of Huizhou was different from other academies in Huizhou from the beginning. It was promoted by the government and local people, and its scale was large, complete and close to the scale of official education. Through the development of Song Ming period, Ziyang Academy entered the peak period in the middle of Qing Dynasty. The Ziyang Academy of Huizhou has the functions of offering sacrifices, academic lectures, teaching, and so on. In the aspect of sacrifice, the Ziyang Academy of Huizhou not only offered sacrifices to Zhu Xi, but also showed the characteristics of Neo-Confucianism school. At the same time, scholars and officials who had close relationship with the academy also became the main objects of sacrifice. The Ziyang Academy of Huizhou experienced a process of ups and downs. In the Qing Dynasty, Ziyang Academy formed a complete lecture system, which made it become the academic center of Huizhou. But since the middle of Ming Dynasty also began to teach eight-part essay, academic and imperial examination parallel. In the course of more than 600 years, Ziyang Academy has been supported by Huizhou officials, scholars and businessmen. Before Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, the funding of Ziyang Academy of Huizhou mainly came from the donation of local officials and the farmland rent of Xuetian. After Qianlong, Huizhou merchants began to play an important role and became the main funding source of Ziyang Academy. In addition, the fund management of Ziyang Academy gradually adopted the commercial operation. In the late Qing Dynasty, due to the decline of Huizhou merchants and the influence of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War, Ziyang Academy declined. Due to the influence of Zhu Xi, Huizhou local culture and Huizhou merchants, Huizhou Ziyang Academy has different characteristics from other academies. From the history of Ziyang Academy, its development has been greatly supported by local officials, people, especially Huizhou merchants, and its establishment scale is also the first in Huizhou. In addition, Ziyang Academy had close relationship with Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism and the rise and fall of Anhui School in Qing Dynasty, and became the academic and cultural center of Huizhou area for a long time. The case study of Ziyang Academy in Huizhou is based on its uniqueness.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.299

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