学潮与政治：以1947年国立中正大学“护校运动”为个案

发布时间：2018-06-15 22:03

本文选题：教育 + 政治　；参考：《江西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：学潮（学运）牵涉到近代中国社会和政治的多个层面。1947年国立中正大学遭遇了空前的教育危机，进而引发学潮。此后，为挽救教育危机的“护校运动大会”组织随即成立。在该组织的领导下，学生展开罢课、请愿、交涉等活动，要求撤换校长，且曾一度拟晋京请愿，由此引发了地方政府的干涉。本次学潮历时三月有余，直至当值校长辞职才渐告平息。本文选取1947年国立中正大学“护校运动”（学潮）为个案，拟将视角放在一所偏居中部地区的国立高校，围绕学潮本身所具有的要素展开论述，进行实证研究，冀希探讨战后中国社会和政治的若干问题。 “学潮是学校内部的风潮，其所反映的是教育问题。”因此，笔者始终无法回避学潮发生时学校内部情形如何，具体包括人（学生、教员、校长）、事（实际运作、员生相处等）、物（建筑、图书、实验仪器等设备）。为便于篇章布局和叙述，笔者以办学条件、学生群体、学校行政为视角，，外加以学校发展状况作背景交待，来探讨其内部情形。研究发现，其时中正大学已深处教育危机之中，办学基础薄弱，应变能力不足，师资缺乏，图书、实验仪器等设备阙如；员生生活苦闷，学生思想渐变，学生组织活跃；校政不如人意，校长遭人误解。简言之，时运不济，无力自救，学潮爆发主、客观条件均已具备。本次学潮历时三月有余，但堪称为“运动”的仅是，2月28日二三百名学生攻讦萧蘧校长，以及5月21日游行学生与预先设伏于中正桥头的宪警、保安发生暴力冲突，其余均为在护校会组织的领导下所开展的罢课、“反调处”等活动。通过史实梳理，不难发现本次学潮是动机单纯，学生自发参与，受国内学潮潮流影响，为挽救教育危机的一次校内风潮。与学潮的性质、演变进程遥相呼应的是政府的应对策略及社会各界人士的关注、介入。由于多种因素使然，中央政府、地方政府、社会耆绅等在学潮的不同阶段共同演绎了主导角色换位、中央与地方存有歧异以及所起效用大小不一等片断。从微观层面考察地方政府对本次学潮的调处，可以发现其“党团参政”的政治格局及其内部情形、运作机制。如果从较“长时段”去考察本次学潮，依然有所收获，即其对中正大学的走向有“承前启后”的作用，换言之，从某种程度上说正是由于它的副作用，导致身兼政客、学者双重身份的林一民校长赴任及政党的介入，由此决定下一阶段的走向。
[Abstract]:The academic movement involves many aspects of modern Chinese society and politics. In 1947, the National Zhongzheng University encountered an unprecedented educational crisis, which led to the academic tide. Since then, to save the education crisis, the "school sports conference" organization was established. Under the group's leadership, students staged strikes, petitions, negotiations, and called for the removal of the principal, and once planned to Jin Jing petition, which led to the intervention of the local government. The school tide lasted for more than three months, until the resignation of the principal gradually quell. In this paper, the author chooses the "School Care Movement" of National Zhongzheng University in 1947 as a case study, and intends to focus on the elements of the academic tide in a national university in the central part of the country and carry out an empirical study. Ji Xi explores some social and political issues in postwar China. "the school tide is a trend within the school, which reflects the problem of education." Therefore, the author can not avoid the school internal situation, including students, teachers, principals, things (actual operation, students and students get along, etc.), materials (architecture, books, experimental instruments and other equipment). In order to facilitate the text layout and narration, the author discusses the internal situation from the perspective of school conditions, student groups, school administration and the background of school development. The study found that Zhongzheng University was in a deep educational crisis at that time, the foundation of running a school was weak, the ability to adapt to the situation was insufficient, the teachers were short, books, experimental instruments and other equipment were lacking, the students' life was miserable, the students' thoughts were gradually changing, and the students' organization was active. The school administration was unsatisfactory and the headmaster was misunderstood. In short, the bad luck, unable to help themselves, the main outbreak of the tide, objective conditions have been met. The school tide lasted more than three months, but it was called a "movement" only. On February 28, 200, 300 students attacked President Xiao, and on May 21, students marched with the constitutional police who had set up front of Zhongzheng Bridge, and there were violent clashes between security guards. The rest are under the leadership of the school nursing committee under the leadership of the strike, "anti-mediation" and other activities. By combing the historical facts, it is not difficult to find that this school tide is a school tide with simple motivation, students participating spontaneously and influenced by the domestic study tide, in order to save the educational crisis. The nature and evolution of the school tide echo the government's coping strategy and the attention and intervention of the people from all walks of life. As a result of many factors, the central government, local government, social gentry and so on in the different stages of the tide of learning to deduce the role of the leading role change, central and local differences and the size of the effectiveness of the fragments. From the microscopic level, we can find out the political pattern, internal situation and operation mechanism of the local government's "party caucus participation in politics". If we look at the current academic tide for a longer period of time, we can still gain something, that is, it has the effect of "connecting the past with the future" of Zhongzheng University. In other words, to some extent, it is precisely because of its side effects that it leads to being a politician. President Lin Yimin's appointment as a scholar and the involvement of political parties determine the direction of the next stage.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.29;K266

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