科学发展观指导下长春高校毕业生就业问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 07:40

本文选题：科技发展观 + 高校毕业生　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：“坚持以人为本，树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观，促进经济社会和人的全面发展”，它是推进改革开放纵深发展和推进社会主义现代化建设的重要指导思想，是推进各项事业的改革和发展的一种方法论。在科学发展观的指导下，如何处理好人的全面发展和经济社会发展的关系，是政府民生工作面临的重大问题。人的全面发展最根本是指人的劳动能力的全面发展，即人的智力和体力的充分、统一的发展。而人才培养的重要环节之一就是通过实践检验人与社会的适应性，而就业就是衡量人才培养的一个重要的尺度。社会发展需要的是具有一定的专业知识或专门技能，进行创造性劳动并对社会作出贡献的人，是人力资源中能力和素质较高的劳动者。在人类社会发展进程中，人才是社会发展的第一资源，是推动社会文明进步、人民富裕幸福、国家繁荣昌盛的重要力量。高校毕业生是宝贵的人才资源，是现代化建设的主力军。高校毕业生的就业和事业发展状况，直接关系到国家经济社会的发展未来，关系到中华民族的伟大复兴。现阶段，，由于受多方面原因影响，高校毕业生的就业之路并不是那么顺畅。第一，从就业形势上看，根据国家发布的统计数字，2010年我国劳动力总量为8.3亿，全年平均登记失业率为4.1%；2011年国家城镇登记失业率控制目标是4.6%，如果仍以2010年劳动力总量8.3亿为参考标准，2011年登记失业人口将达到4000万，而实际数字要比这个更大。与此同时，2011年全国高校毕业生总数为660万1，较上一年度增加30万，就业压力空前巨大。第二，受生产力发展水平、产业结构的限制，整个社会还不能提供足够多的、与高校毕业生能力水平相匹配的就业机会。第三，高校毕业生理论联系实际的能力水平与企业的工作要求存在一定差距，使得许多企业不愿意接纳应届高校毕业生。第四，家庭教育投入占家庭全部支出比例快速增长，高投入、高产出的心理预期与就业形势之间的落差，在一定程度上拉大了毕业与就业之间的间隔，不利于高校毕业生迅速就业。除上述几点外，学校的专业及课程设置、高校毕业生自身能力等也是影响高校毕业生就业的几个因素。正是由于高校毕业生就业难是由多个因素共同造成的结果，同样解决这个问题也要从多个角度入手。从1977年恢复高考，高等教育从最初的空中楼阁逐步普及开来。然而，在高校毕业生人数逐年大幅度增长的情况下，高校毕业生出口问题一直没有得到足够的重视和解决，就业服务体系和服务能力不能满足高校毕业生就业需要，促进高校毕业生就业任务依然十分繁重。随着我国高等教育和经济社会的快速发展，党中央、国务院要求必须把高校毕业生就业摆在就业工作的首位，采取更有针对性的措施，千方百计促进高校毕业生就业。按照“十二五”规划发展要求，“十二五”期间经济社会转型、产业结构调整、政府职能转变这三个重要调整将同步进行。这些变化，为解决高校毕业生就业难这一问题，提供了良好的机遇。但同时，也应该看到，这一时期也恰恰是这一问题最严重的时期。政府作为社会的管理者，其职能正由过去的“全能型”政府，向着“管理服务型”政府转变，这一发展方向决定了在解决高校毕业生就业难这个问题上，政府是主导者，但单凭一己之力也无法完成这一工作，需要通过制定政策、资金投入等手段合理运用行政资源，科学引导社会资源共同解决这一问题。本文通过回顾改革开放后不同阶段高校毕业生就业政策的演变过程，分析当前总体就业形势及高校毕业生就业状况，以科学发展观为指导，系统论证，对当前高校毕业生就业问题提出解决建议。
[Abstract]:"Adhere to the people-oriented, set up a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development concept, promote the overall development of economic society and people". It is an important guiding ideology to push forward the deep development of reform and opening up and promote the construction of socialist modernization. It is a methodology to promote the reform and development of various undertakings. Under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, how to do it The relationship between the all-round development of good people and the relationship between economic and social development is a major problem in the work of the people's livelihood. The overall development of human beings is the most fundamental of the all-round development of human ability, that is, the full and unified development of human intelligence and physical strength. One of the important links of talent cultivation is to test the adaptability of human and society through practice. Employment is an important yardstick for measuring the training of talents.
In the process of human social development, talent is the first resource of social development, the progress of social civilization, the prosperity of the people, the prosperity of the people, and the prosperity of the state. The important force of prosperity. College graduates are valuable resources and the main force of modernization. The employment and career development of college graduates are directly related to the future of the economic and social development of the country and the great revival of the Chinese nation. At this stage, the employment of college graduates, due to many reasons, is the road to the employment of college graduates. Not so smooth. First, from the employment situation, according to the statistics issued by the state, the total labor force in China is 830 million in 2010 and the average registered unemployment rate is 4.1% in the year. In 2011, the registered unemployment rate of the national cities and towns in 2011 is 4.6%, and the registered unemployment population in 2011 will reach the standard of 2011. By 40 million, the actual number is bigger than that. At the same time, the total number of college graduates in 2011 is 6 million 600 thousand and 1, 300 thousand more than the previous year, and the pressure of employment is unprecedented. Second, the level of productivity development and the restriction of industrial structure can not provide enough enough for the whole society to match the ability of college graduates. Third, there is a certain gap between the ability level of the university graduates' theory linking the practice with the work requirements of the enterprises, which makes many enterprises unwilling to accept the graduates of the University. Fourth, the investment in family education accounts for the rapid growth of the total expenditure ratio of the family, the high investment, the gap between the psychological expectation and the employment situation, and it is certain that the gap between the psychological expectation and the employment situation is certain. The gap between graduation and employment is greatly widened, which is not conducive to the rapid employment of college graduates. In addition to the above points, the specialty and curriculum of the school and the ability of college graduates themselves are also a few factors that affect the employment of college graduates.
It is precisely because the employment of college graduates is the result of many factors, and the same solution to this problem will also start from multiple angles. From 1977 to the college entrance examination, higher education has been gradually popularized from the original castle in the air. However, the problem of college graduates' export in the case of the number of college graduates increased year by year. There has not been enough attention and solution, the employment service system and service ability can not meet the employment needs of college graduates, and the task of promoting the employment of college graduates is still very heavy. With the rapid development of higher education and economic society in China, the Central Committee of the party and the State Council should be required to put the employment of college graduates in employment. First, take more targeted measures to promote the employment of college graduates. According to the "12th Five-Year" planning and development requirements, the three important adjustments, such as economic and social transformation, industrial structure adjustment, and the transformation of government functions during the "12th Five-Year", will be carried out synchronously. These changes provide a solution to the problem of employment difficulties for college graduates. But at the same time, it should also be seen that this period is also the most serious period of this problem. As a manager of the society, the government's function is changing from the past "Almighty" government to the "management service" government, which determines the government to solve the problem of the difficult employment of college graduates. It is the leading person, but it is impossible to complete this work by the force of one's own. It is necessary to make rational use of administrative resources by making policy, fund investment and so on, so as to guide social resources to solve the problem together.
Through reviewing the evolution process of the employment policy of college graduates in different stages after the reform and opening up, this paper analyzes the current overall employment situation and the employment situation of college graduates, with the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development as the guidance and systematic demonstration, and puts forward some suggestions for solving the problem of the employment of college graduates.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

【参考文献】