护理本科生老年护理择业动机及其影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-06-25 13:16

本文选题：老年护理 + 本科生　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：探讨护理本科生老年护理择业动机的影响因素,为提升护理本科生的老年护理择业动机提供依据。方法： 1.参照期望—价值理论和“感觉框架”理论架构,经文献回顾、专家咨询分别编制护生老年护理择业动机问卷、老年护理临床实习环境评价问卷初稿,经预调查、正式调查和信效度分析,逐步完成两个问卷的编制。于2013年5月～6月在530名护理本科生中对两个问卷进行信、效度检验。数据整理后采用SPSS17.0和Amos17.0统计分析。 2.应用横断面研究方法,采用护生老年护理择业动机问卷、老化知识问卷、老年医疗态度量表、老年护理临床实习环境评价问卷、老化焦虑量表和自行设计的一般资料问卷,于2013年6月～7月对1290名护理本科生进行问卷调查。数据整理后采用SPSS17.0统计分析。结果： 1.护生老年护理择业动机问卷的信效度 (1)问卷信度：问卷Cronbach's a系数为期望问卷0.83、价值问卷0.87,Spearman-Brown分半信度系数为期望问卷0.74、价值问卷0.78,重测信度系数为期望问卷0.70、价值问卷0.71。价值问卷的兴趣、实用性、重要性、代价4个维度的Cronbach's a系数均大于0.70, Spearman-Brown分半信度系数和重测信度系数均在0.60以上。 (2)问卷效度： 1)结构效度：经验证性因子分析,期望、价值两问卷的数据与模型均拟合良好,GFI、NFI、IFI、CFI均大于0.9, RMSEA分别为0.000、0.054,各指标在可接受的范围。各条目对因素的负荷系数均在0.40以上。 2)内容效度：护生老年护理择业动机—期望问卷各条目与总问卷的相关系数在0.67～0.80之间。护生老年护理择业动机—价值问卷各条目与对应维度的相关系数在0.75～0.83之间,各维度与总问卷的相关系数在0.55-0.90之间。 2.老年护理临床实习环境评价问卷的信效度 (1)问卷信度：问卷总的Cronbach's a系数为0.93, Spearman-Brown分半信度系数为0.89,重测信度系数为0.74。除归属感维度Cronbach's a系数为0.67外,其余各维度Cronbach's a系数均大于0.70,除安全感维度Spearman-Brown分半信度系数为0.64外,其余各维度Spearman-Brown分半信度系数均在0.70以上,各维度的重测信度系数均在0.60以上。 (2)问卷效度： 1)结构效度：经验证性因子分析,问卷的数据与模型拟合良好,GFI、NFI、 IFI、CFI均大于0.9, RMSEA为0.058,各指标在可接受的范围。各条目对因素的负荷系数均在0.40以上。 2)内容效度：问卷各条目与对应维度的相关系数在0.66～0.88之间,问卷各条目与总问卷的相关系数在0.71～0.89之间。 3.护理本科生老年护理择业动机的影响因素分析 (1)护理本科生老年护理择业动机—期望得分为20.11+3.28分,老年护理择业动机—价值得分为44.93±6.33分。价值问卷各维度条目均分由高至低为兴趣3.59±0.02分、代价3.17±0.02分、实用性3.08+0.02分、重要性3.08±0.02分。 (2)社会人口学特征对护理本科生老年护理择业动机的影响：在家与老人同住、与老年人关系好、有老年人照顾经历、家人对老年人态度好的护理本科生的老年护理择业动机—期望与价值得分均高于在家不与老人同住、与老年人关系不好、无老年人照顾经历、家人对老年人态度一般的护理本科生；非独生子女、家里有老人的护理本科生的老年护理择业动机—价值得分高于独生子女、家里无老人的护理本科生。 (3)护理本科生老年医疗态度得分为3.54+0.34分,与老年护理择业动机—期望、价值均呈正相关(r=0.204, P0.01; r=0.287, P0.01);护理本科生老化焦虑得分为47.68+4.24分,与老年护理择业动机—期望、价值均呈负相关(r==.0.213,P0.01；r=.0.212,P0.01)；护理本科生老年护理临床实习环境得分为69.95+10.81分,与老年护理择业动机—期望、价值均呈正相关(r=0.376,P0.01；r=0.334,P0.01). (4)多元回归显示,老年护理择业动机—期望的影响因素按照解释量大小排序依次为老年护理临床实习环境(14.0%)、老化焦虑(2.9%)、老年医疗态度(1.6%)、在家是否与老人同住(1.2%)和照顾老人经历(0.5%),5个变量共解释变异量的20.2%。老年护理择业动机—价值的影响因素按照解释量大小排序依次为老年护理临床实习环境(11.0%)、老年医疗态度(6.2%)、在家是否与老人同住(2.1%)、老化焦虑(1.5%)、照顾老人经历(0.9%)、是否独生子女(0.5%)和家里是否有老人(0.3%),7个变量共解释变异量的22.5%。结论： 1.护生老年护理择业动机问卷和老年护理临床实习环境评价问卷在护理本科生中具有较好的信、效度,可供护理教育研究使用。 2.护理本科生的老年护理择业动机总体处于中等水平,有待进一步提高。护理教育者应结合护生个人因素和环境因素制定合理的干预措施,提升护理本科生的老年护理择业动机,尤应注意提升独生子女、家中无老人、在家不与老人同住、与老年人关系不好、无照护老人经历、家人对老年人态度一般的护理本科生的老年护理择业动机。 3.护理本科生老年护理择业动机—期望的影响因素为老年护理临床实习环境、老化焦虑、老年医疗态度、在家是否与老人同住和照顾老人经历。护理本科生老年护理择业动机—价值的影响因素为老年护理临床实习环境、老年医疗态度、在家是否与老人同住、老化焦虑、照顾老人经历、是否独生子女和家里是否有老人。提示护理教育者可从以上因素入手,采取相应措施提升护理本科生的老年护理择业动机。
[Abstract]:Objective: To explore the influencing factors of nursing undergraduates' geriatric nursing career motivation, so as to provide evidence for improving the nursing undergraduates' motives of choosing nursing careers.
Method:
1. referring to the theory of expectation value and the theory of "feeling frame", through the literature review, the questionnaire on the motivation of nursing students in nursing care for nursing students, the first draft of the questionnaire on the evaluation of the clinical practice of geriatric nursing practice, the pre investigation, the formal investigation and the analysis of the reliability and validity, and the completion of two questionnaires were gradually completed. From May 2013 to June, 530 The reliability and validity of two questionnaires were tested by nursing undergraduates. Data were collected and analyzed by SPSS17.0 and Amos17.0.
2. using the cross-sectional study method, the questionnaire, the aging knowledge questionnaire, the elderly medical attitude scale, the questionnaire on the clinical practice of the elderly nursing practice, the aging anxiety scale and the self-designed general data questionnaire were used to carry out a questionnaire survey on 1290 nursing undergraduates from June 2013 to July. Statistical analysis was made with SPSS17.0.
Result:
Reliability and validity of 1. nursing students' motivation questionnaire for elderly nursing
(1) the reliability of the questionnaire: the Cronbach's a coefficient of the questionnaire is the expected questionnaire 0.83, the value questionnaire 0.87, the Spearman-Brown partial half reliability coefficient of the expected questionnaire 0.74, the value questionnaire 0.78, the retest reliability coefficient as the expected questionnaire 0.70, the value questionnaire 0.71. value questionnaire's interest, the practicability, the importance, and the cost 4 dimensions of the Cronbach's a coefficient are greater than 0.70, Sp The split half reliability coefficient and test-retest reliability coefficient of earman-Brown are all above 0.60.
(2) the validity of the questionnaire:
1) structure validity: through the confirmatory factor analysis, the data and model of the value two questionnaire are well fitted, GFI, NFI, IFI, CFI are more than 0.9, RMSEA is 0.000,0.054, each index is acceptable. The load coefficient of each item to the factors is above 0.40.
2) content validity: the correlation coefficient of each item of expectation questionnaire and the total questionnaire was between 0.67 and 0.80. The correlation coefficient of each item and the corresponding dimension was between 0.75 and 0.83, and the relationship between the dimensions and the total questionnaire was between 0.55-0.90.
2. reliability and validity of environmental assessment questionnaire for geriatric nursing clinical practice
(1) the reliability of the questionnaire: the total Cronbach's a coefficient of the questionnaire is 0.93, the Spearman-Brown partial half reliability coefficient is 0.89, the retest reliability coefficient is 0.74. except the sense of belonging dimension Cronbach's a coefficient is 0.67, the other dimensions Cronbach's a coefficient are more than 0.70, except the sense of the sense of Spearman-Brown fractional half reliability coefficient is 0.64, the other dimensions Spearm. The split half reliability coefficient of an-Brown is above 0.70, and the test-retest reliability coefficient of each dimension is above 0.60.
(2) the validity of the questionnaire:
1) structure validity: through the confirmatory factor analysis, the data of the questionnaire and the model fit well, GFI, NFI, IFI, CFI are more than 0.9, RMSEA is 0.058, each index is acceptable. The load coefficient of each item to the factors is above 0.40.
2) content validity: the correlation coefficients between items and corresponding dimensions ranged from 0.66 to 0.88, and the correlation coefficients between the items and the total questionnaires ranged from 0.71 to 0.89.
3. influencing factors of nursing undergraduates' geriatric nursing career motivation
(1) the motivation of the elderly nursing job selection of nursing undergraduates was 20.11+3.28 score, and the value score of old age nursing selection was 44.93 + 6.33 points. The average scores of each dimension of the value questionnaire ranged from high to low to 3.59 + 0.02 points, the cost 3.17 + 0.02 points, the utility 3.08+0.02 score, and the importance 3.08 + 0.02 points.
(2) the influence of social demography on the job hunting motivation of nursing undergraduates: living together with the elderly, having good relationship with the elderly, caring for the elderly, and caring for the old people with good attitude to the elderly, the expectation and value score are higher than those who don't live with the elderly at home, and the relationship with the elderly is not. Good, no elderly care experience, family to the elderly general attitude of nursing undergraduates; non only children, the elderly nursing undergraduate students in the elderly nursing motivation - the value score is higher than the only child, the home without the elderly nursing undergraduate.
(3) the score of nursing undergraduate medical attitude was 3.54+0.34 score, which was positively correlated with the motivation expectation and value of the elderly nursing choice (r=0.204, P0.01; r=0.287, P0.01); the score of aging anxiety of the nursing undergraduates was 47.68+4.24 points, and the value of the elderly nursing choice was negative correlation (r==.0.213, P0.01; r=.0.212, P0.01); and the value of nursing undergraduates was negatively correlated (r==.0.213, P0.01; r=.0.212, P0.01); The score of the clinical practice environment for the elderly nursing care in the aged was 69.95+10.81 score, which was positively correlated with the motivation of the elderly nursing selection and the expectation and value (r=0.376, P0.01; r=0.334, P0.01).
(4) multiple regression shows that the influencing factors of career motivation and expectation in elderly nursing care are in order of the order of explanation in order of the elderly nursing clinical practice environment (14%), aging anxiety (2.9%), elderly medical attitude (1.6%), whether at home with the elderly (1.2%) and taking care of the elderly (0.5%), 5 variables to explain the variation of 20.2%. elderly care The influencing factors of job selection motivation - the order of value of value according to the size of interpretation were in order of the clinical practice environment of elderly nursing (11%), elderly medical attitude (6.2%), whether at home with the elderly (2.1%), aging anxiety (1.5%), caring for the elderly (0.9%), whether the only child (0.5%) and the family had elderly (0.3%), and 7 variables to explain the variation. 22.5%.
Conclusion:
1. the motivation questionnaire for elderly nursing students and the questionnaire on the clinical practice of geriatric nursing practice have good reliability and validity in nursing undergraduate students, which can be used for the study of nursing education.
2. the motivation of the elderly nursing job selection in nursing undergraduate is at the middle level, and it needs to be further improved. The nursing educators should make reasonable intervention measures in combination with the personal and environmental factors of the nursing students so as to improve the employment motivation of the nursing undergraduates, and should pay more attention to the promotion of the only child, the no elderly in the family, and not live with the elderly at home, The relationship between the elderly and the elderly, the elderly without care, family attitudes towards the elderly, the general nursing undergraduate's elderly care, career motivation.
3. the influencing factors of the job selection motivation of the nursing undergraduates are the environment of clinical practice, aging anxiety, old age medical attitude, whether the family is living with the elderly and caring for the elderly. The influencing factors of the job selection motivation of the nursing undergraduates are the old nursing clinical practice environment, the medical attitude of the elderly, Whether the family is living with the elderly, aging anxiety, caring for the elderly, whether the only child or whether there are old people in the family, suggest that the nursing educators can start with the above factors and take appropriate measures to improve the motivation of the nursing undergraduates.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G647.38;R47-4

【参考文献】