MIT创业型大学发展史研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 09:43

【摘要】：近年来，中国高等教育的办学体量与规模不断增大，办学层次也在逐步提高，但建设世界一流大学仍然是国人的一个梦想。世界一流大学的标准是什么？如何建设世界一流大学？怎样培养大学生的创新精神？这些一直是备受我国高等教育界专家、学者和高等教育管理者、决策者关注的问题。众所周知的是，美国拥有世界公认的高水平大学群，美国的高等教育在为社会发展提供高质量服务方面走在了世界各国的前列，并且在其发展历程中诞生了一种独特的大学模式——创业型大学（entrepreneurial university），在高等教育领域享有盛誉的麻省理工学院（MIT）即是此类大学的典型代表。在美国，MIT被誉为第一所创业型大学，因为它自创立之日起，就没有套用任何一种传统的大学模式，而是从大学的职能的层面上积极平衡教学、科研和经济发展三者之关系，使三者之间保持了一种创造性的张力。早在初创时期，MIT的创始人威廉罗杰斯（William B. Rogers）就结合自己对大学的理解率先提出了开办创业型大学的设想，并以此为指导带领MIT在创业科学领域进行了积极尝试。进入20世纪后，两次世界大战的爆发为MIT创业型大学的发展提供了历史机遇，，多层次、多领域的军工研究为MIT创业型大学的形成奠定了坚实的基础，以基础研究与产业创新有机融合为特征的MIT模式成为美国高等教育的榜样。二战之后，在继续推动军工研究的基础上，MIT创业型大学的模式得到进一步发展和完善，大学与区域经济发展之间的联系更加密切，并由此产生了大学—产业—政府三位一体的“三螺旋”战略模式，这为MIT在创业型大学道路上的快速健康发展提供了更加完善和科学的理论支撑。 MIT成功的办学经历，尤其是其作为创业型大学的发展历程，值得人们认真思考和探究。MIT重视技术教育并将其与人文、科学教育共存共融的教育理念，亦对我国建设世界一流大学有显著的现实借鉴意义。本文以此为主题和出发点，采用历史文献法、比较分析法、个案解析法等研究方法，以创业型大学模式的形成、发展与完善为脉络，对MIT一百五十年的办学历程进行了纵向梳理，旨在以创业科学为视角透射出创业型大学的生态系统，涵盖新型文化价值观、新型师生关系、新型授课方式、新型课程体系建设、新型社会关系以及新型教学、科研管理模式和新型教育管理战略等内容，从而为我国大学的发展提供一定的历史参照。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number and scale of higher education in China have been increasing, and the level of running schools has been gradually improved. However, the construction of world-class universities is still a dream of Chinese people. What are the standards of world-class universities? How to build a world-class university? How to cultivate the innovative spirit of college students? These problems have always been concerned by experts, scholars, administrators and decision makers of higher education in China. It is well known that the United States has a recognized high level of universities in the world, and that its higher education is at the forefront of the world in providing high-quality services for social development. And in the course of its development, a unique university model has emerged. The entrepreneurial university (entrepreneurial university), is a typical representative of such universities. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), which enjoys a high reputation in the field of higher education, is a typical example of this kind of university. In the United States, MIT is known as the first entrepreneurial university, because it has not applied any traditional university model since its founding, but has actively balanced the relationship between teaching, scientific research and economic development from the level of the university's functions. Keep a creative tension between the three. William B. Rogers, the founder of MIT in his early days, first put forward the idea of starting an entrepreneurial university with his own understanding of the university, and guided MIT to make an active attempt in the field of entrepreneurial science. After entering the 20th century, the outbreak of the two world wars has provided a historical opportunity for the development of the MIT entrepreneurial university. The multi-level and multi-field military industry research has laid a solid foundation for the formation of the MIT entrepreneurial university. The MIT model, characterized by the organic integration of basic research and industrial innovation, has become an example of American higher education. After World War II, on the basis of continuing to promote military industry research, the model of MIT entrepreneurial universities was further developed and perfected, and the relationship between universities and regional economic development became closer. From this, the "triple helix" strategic mode of university-industry-government trinity emerged, which provided a more perfect and scientific theoretical support for the rapid and healthy development of MIT on the road of entrepreneurial university. Especially, as a entrepreneurial university, it is worth people to seriously think about and explore the educational idea of paying attention to technology education and co-existing it with humanities and science education. It also has significant practical significance for the construction of world-class universities in China. This article takes this as the theme and starting point, uses the historical literature method, the comparative analysis method, the case analysis method and so on research method, takes the entrepreneurial university pattern formation, the development and the consummation as the vein, In this paper, the history of running a school for 150 years at MIT is vertically combed in order to reflect the ecosystem of entrepreneurial universities from the perspective of entrepreneurial science, covering the new cultural values, the new teacher-student relationship, the new teaching methods, and the construction of a new curriculum system. The new social relations, the new teaching, the scientific research management model and the new educational management strategy provide a certain historical reference for the development of our universities.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.29

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