大学毕业生职业适应期离职原因与对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-21 17:04

【摘要】：2010年政府工作报告中指出，加强政策支持和就业指导，鼓励高校毕业生到城乡基层、中西部地区和中小企业就业。温家宝也在两会中明确提出，将失业率控制4.6%以内。然而，近年来，随着高等教育规模的不断扩大，大学毕业生数量剧增，2005年到2009年,每年毕业的大学生数由380万增至611万，2009年到2012年，大学毕业生数再创历史新高，，由655万增至680万。在严峻的就业形势和就业压力下，高校指导大学生就业的基本策略是让大学生“先就业、后择业”。在这一就业策略的引导下，大学生选择签约单位的比列有所提高，但是有相当一部分大学生由于就业的盲目性，导致他们在工作几个月甚至更短的时间内就辞职跳槽。依据上海市劳动和社会保障局公布的一项针对应届大学毕业生的调查显示：95%的应届毕业生工作第一年有跳槽打算，60%的毕业生对现有工资不满意，表示想跳槽。本研究在查阅文献的基础上，设计了调查问卷，并对20位大学毕业生进行了调研，获得了数据和资料，并运用SPSS17.0进行了数据分析，运用文献分析法、比较分析法、问卷调查法等研究方法，力图对大学毕业生就职业适应期及职业适应期离职原因进行深入和系统的探讨，基于对大学毕业生离职原因的分析，提出降低大学毕业生职业适应期离职率的对策建议。经过实证研究，并结合部分访谈结果，本研究获得以下主要结论： ①大学毕业生在各行业、各学校级别和不同专业，不同性别的职业适应期不同。 ②在职业适应期内，大学毕业生离职的个人主要原因是盲目择业、满意度低，个人变量不稳；用人单位对大学毕业生离职的影响是定位模糊，缺少人文关怀以及人才规划、培训、绩效等管理体制存在着问题。学校职业生涯规划教育在认识和教师队伍上也存在着一些影响；就业政策和社会环境也影响了大学毕业生离职。 ③基于提高大学毕业生就业质量，本研究提出大学生、高校、用人单位、社会影响等四方共建，降低大学毕业生的离职率，提高就业质量。
[Abstract]:In the 2010 government work report, it was pointed out that policy support and employment guidance should be strengthened to encourage college graduates to go to urban and rural grassroots units, central and western regions and small and medium-sized enterprises. Wen Jiabao also made it clear in the two sessions that the unemployment rate should be kept below 4.6 percent. However, in recent years, with the continuous expansion of higher education, the number of college graduates has increased dramatically. From 2005 to 2009, the number of college graduates increased from 3.8 million to 6.11 million each year. From 2009 to 2012, the number of college graduates reached a record high. From 6.55 million to 6.8 million. Under the severe employment situation and employment pressure, the basic strategy to guide college students' employment is to let them "get employed first, then choose a job". Under the guidance of this employment strategy, the ratio of university students choosing the signing units has been improved, but a considerable number of college students quit their jobs in a few months or even less time because of the blindness of employment. According to a survey of recent college graduates released by the Shanghai Labor and Social Security Bureau, 20 percent of new graduates have plans to switch jobs in their first year of work and 60 percent of them are not satisfied with their existing salaries and say they want to switch jobs. On the basis of consulting literature, this study designed a questionnaire, investigated 20 college graduates, obtained data and materials, and used SPSS 17.0 to carry out data analysis, literature analysis and comparative analysis. This paper tries to make a deep and systematic discussion on the reasons for the graduates leaving their jobs in the period of occupational adaptation and the period of vocational adaptation, based on the analysis of the reasons for the graduates leaving their jobs. The paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to reduce the turnover rate of college graduates in the period of vocational adaptation. Through empirical research and some interview results, the main conclusions of this study are as follows: 1 graduates in various professions, different school levels and different majors, In the period of occupational adaptation, the main reasons for college graduates to leave their jobs are blind choice of jobs, low satisfaction and unstable personal variables; The influence of employers on college graduates' leaving is vague, lack of humanistic care, talent planning, training, performance and other management system problems. School career planning education also has some influence on understanding and teaching staff, employment policy and social environment also affect college graduates leaving. 3 in order to improve the quality of college graduates' employment, this study proposes that college students, Colleges, employing units, social influence, etc., to reduce the rate of college graduates, improve the quality of employment.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

【参考文献】