蒙古语授课大学生就业现状及对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 09:33

【摘要】：就业是安国之策、民生之根本。随着我国综合国力的逐步提升，经济发展方式的转变，大学生劳动力过剩与高校毕业人数逐年增加的矛盾越来越突出，大学生就业难已经成为我国当前面临的一大难题。蒙古语授课大学生作为大学生就业群体的一部分，同样面临着就业难的局面，再加上自治区社会政治经济环境、民族特点、自身能力限制等因素的影响，就业问题更加突出。蒙古语授课大学生的就业问题，关系到国家和自治区的经济发展、社会安定、民族团结，也是满足其家庭和个人物质、精神生活需求的关键因素，因此，研究并解决这一问题有着十分重要的现实意义。基于此，本文以蒙语授课本科大学生为主要研究对象，，以明确现状——分析成因——提出对策为写作主体思路，结合自身调查数据及相关著作、理论、文献，希望对蒙古语授课大学生的就业问题做一个较为全面的研究探讨。本文立足于蒙古语授课大学生就业现状的调查、总结，通过分析其成因，重点提出解决这一问题的建议、对策。通过对516份调查问卷及相关资料的统计分析，我们不难看出：当前蒙古语授课大学生人数增加与就业岗位少的矛盾愈来愈严重，一次就业率低且就业率低于汉语授课生的现象依然存在，就业过程中的性别或语言歧视问题没有从根本上得以改善，初次就业收入很难维持其正常生活，总的来说，蒙古语授课大学生的整体就业态势不容乐观。造成蒙古语授课大学生就业困难的因素不一而足：首先是经济发展缓慢导致蒙古族聚居地吸引力不足，同时，经济的落后、产业结构不合理导致企业可吸纳就业岗位数量少、种类有限。其次针对蒙古语授课大学生的就业政策不健全、劳动保护不到位、相关政策的执行力度欠缺、创新执政意识不强等政策性因素也是制约蒙古语授课大学生充分就业的重要因素。再则，高校体制改革步伐缓慢，许多高校的课程设置已经严重滞后于现有人才市场的需求，相对应的学校就业指导体系发挥不出其促进就业的重要作用，统一的毕业管理制度又从就业周期上阻碍着他们及时、充分就业。最后，由于学生大学学习的怠惰、自身不正确的就业观念也为其就业埋下了隐患。保障蒙古语授课大学生充分就业已经成为国家和自治区的重要民生任务之一。从经济建设的角度来讲，重点做好蒙古族聚居地区的基础设施建设，这一举措既可以提供就业岗位，又可以增加就业吸引力，重视对中小企业的扶持力度，依托中小企业的发展推动就业，积极倡导建立一批蒙古族文化产业，增加蒙汉兼通人才的需求量。从政策层面来讲，建议国家和自治区继续完善相关的政策法规，各级政府既要落实好基本的就业政策，同时也要主动结合本地区实际情况，创新举措促进蒙古语授课大学生就业。从高校教学、管理方面来讲，建议高校加快课程改革步伐，建立专业—市场人才对接机制。建立专业的就业指导机构，制定科学合理的就业培训规划，并配备专门的工作人员予以保障。积极协调政府及有关部门推行灵活毕业管理制度。从提升自身就业能力水平的立场来讲，蒙古语授课大学生要正确认识大学学习的重要性，树立正确的就业观，并积极主动参加就业培训或是社会实践，提升就业能力。最后，笔者认为，蒙古语授课大学生的就业不能仅仅局限于有工作可做，而应当拓展自己的就业视野，可以借助国家、自治区鼓励创业的契机，积极创业，并尝试性参与国际化就业。
[Abstract]:With the gradual promotion of China's comprehensive national strength, the transformation of the mode of economic development, the contradiction between the surplus of college students and the increasing number of college graduates is becoming more and more prominent, and the difficult employment of college students has become a major problem in our country.
As a part of the college students' employment group, Mongolian language teaching students are also faced with the situation of employment difficulties, and the influence of the social, political and economic environment, the national characteristics and the limitations of their own ability, and the employment problem is more prominent. The employment of Mongolian teaching students is related to the economic development of the country and the autonomous region. Social stability and national unity are the key factors to meet the needs of their family and individual material and spiritual life. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study and solve this problem.
Based on this, this article takes the undergraduate students in Mongolian language teaching as the main research object, in order to make a clear situation - the analysis of the causes - put forward the countermeasures as the main body of thinking, and combine their own investigation data and related books, theories and literature, hoping to make a more comprehensive study on the employment of the students in Mongolian language teaching. The investigation and summary of the employment situation of college students in ancient teaching, and by analyzing its causes, puts forward some suggestions and Countermeasures to solve this problem.
Through the statistical analysis of 516 questionnaires and related materials, it is not difficult to see that the contradiction between the increase of the number of college students and the fewer jobs is becoming more and more serious. The phenomenon of low employment rate and lower employment rate still exists, and the problem of sex or language discrimination in the process of employment is not fundamental. It is difficult to maintain normal life for the first time employment. In general, the overall employment situation of Mongolian students is not optimistic.
The factors that lead to the difficulties in the Mongolian language students' employment are different: first, the slow economic development leads to the insufficient attraction of the Mongolian population, at the same time, the economic backwardness and the irrational industrial structure lead to the small number of employment posts and the limited types of employment. Secondly, the employment policy of the Mongolian teaching students is not sound and the employment policy is not sound. The lack of dynamic protection, the lack of relevant policies and the poor awareness of innovation in power are also the important factors that restrict the full employment of Mongolian teaching students. Furthermore, the reform of institutions of higher learning is slow, and the curriculum of many colleges and universities has been seriously lagged behind the needs of the existing talent market, and the corresponding school employment is corresponding. The guidance system does not play an important role in promoting employment. The unified graduation management system has hindered them in time and full employment from the employment cycle. Finally, because of the idleness of the students' university learning, their own incorrect employment concept also laid a hidden danger for their employment.
Ensuring the full employment of Mongolian language teaching students has become one of the important tasks of the people's livelihood in the state and autonomous region. From the perspective of economic construction, we should focus on the infrastructure construction of the Mongolian areas, which can not only provide jobs, but also increase the attractiveness of employment, and attach importance to the support of small and medium-sized enterprises. To encourage the development of small and medium-sized enterprises to promote employment, actively promote the establishment of a group of Mongolian culture industry and increase the demand for both Mongolian and Han people. From the policy level, it is suggested that the state and autonomous region continue to improve the relevant policies and regulations. The governments at all levels should not only implement the basic policies of employment, but also take the initiative to combine the actual situation in the region, and create a new policy. The new measures promote the employment of students in Mongolian language teaching. From the teaching and management of colleges and universities, it is suggested that colleges and universities should speed up the pace of curriculum reform, establish the docking mechanism of professional market talents, establish professional employment guidance institutions, establish a scientific and reasonable employment training plan, and provide special staff to guarantee. From the standpoint of improving the level of their own employability, the Mongolian teaching students should correctly understand the importance of college learning, set up a correct concept of employment, and actively participate in the employment training or social practice to improve the employability. Finally, the author believes that the Mongolian students are taught by the students of the Mongolian language. The industry should not only be limited to work, but should expand its vision of employment, with the help of the state, the opportunity to encourage entrepreneurship in the autonomous region, the active entrepreneurship, and the attempt to participate in the international employment.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

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