高校信息化中的IT外包及其风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 20:32

【摘要】：高校信息化是教育信息化最重要的组成部分，近年来越来越受到政府部门的重视。从上世纪90年代初开始建设，许多高校已经在基础设施、数字资源、应用系统、标准规范、管理体制及运行机制等方面的建设取得了显著成绩。在此过程中，IT外包为弥补了高校IT能力的不足。特别是在近十年来的数字化校园建设浪潮中， IT服务商越来越多地参与到其中，成为推动高校信息化的重要力量，也愈发得到高校的认可和重视。自1989年柯达开启大型IT外包先河之后，企业、政府纷纷尝试IT外包，这其中不乏效果不佳，甚至失败的案例。为更科学的进行外包决策，避免风险，学术界也对IT外包的多个方面进行了研究，然而目前针对高校领域的IT外包研究却不多。本文首先对IT外包，尤其高校IT外包的相关研究进行了回顾。在介绍了IT外包的相关概念后，运用SWOT方法分析了高校IT外包优势、劣势、机会和威胁，，提出对应的发展策略，并从财务、技术、战略三个角度分析了高校的IT外包策略。为有效的发挥IT外包的优势，必须对其风险进行管理。文章借鉴已有的风险管理体系，提出一个高校IT外包风险的管理模型，通过对高校IT外包的一般过程和高校信息化中普遍存在问题的分析，识别出高校IT外包中的各种风险因素，提出基于IT治理的IT外包风险管理策略，即高校应建立IT治理机构，形成IT外包管理机制，采用科学规范的方法确定外包需求、选择合适的服务商，成立外包项目组并积极参与、配合、监督外包项目，同时在外包时，仍需加强各种信息化人才的培养。论文最后以作者从事了5年信息化工作的高校——上海外国语大学为例，分析了其信息化及IT外包现状、存在的问题，并提出了一些解决问题的方法建议。本文的创新点包括：（1）参考企业IT外包的风险管理过程，提出高校IT外包风险管理的框架模型；（2）利用SWOT方法对高校IT外包进行了较为全面的分析；（3）提出高校应导入IT治理以管理IT外包风险。
[Abstract]:The informationization of colleges and universities is the most important component of educational informatization, which has been paid more and more attention by government departments in recent years. Since the beginning of 1990s, many colleges and universities have made remarkable achievements in the construction of infrastructure, digital resources, application systems, standards and norms, management system and operation mechanism. In this process, IT outsourcing makes up for the deficiency of IT ability in colleges and universities. Especially in the tide of digital campus construction in the past ten years, IT service providers are more and more involved in it, and become an important force to promote the informatization of colleges and universities, and are increasingly recognized and valued by colleges and universities. Since Kodak launched large-scale IT outsourcing in 1989, companies and governments have tried IT outsourcing, many of which have been ineffective or even failed. In order to make more scientific outsourcing decisions and avoid risks, the academic circles have also studied many aspects of IT outsourcing. However, there are few researches on IT outsourcing in colleges and universities at present. This paper reviews the research on IT outsourcing, especially in universities. After introducing the related concepts of IT outsourcing, this paper analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of IT outsourcing in colleges and universities by using SWOT method, and puts forward corresponding development strategies, and analyzes the IT outsourcing strategies of colleges and universities from the perspectives of finance, technology and strategy. In order to play the advantage of IT outsourcing effectively, we must manage its risk. Based on the existing risk management system, this paper puts forward a risk management model for IT outsourcing in colleges and universities. Through the analysis of the general process of IT outsourcing in colleges and universities and the common problems existing in the informatization of colleges and universities, the paper puts forward a risk management model for IT outsourcing in universities. This paper identifies various risk factors in IT outsourcing in colleges and universities, and puts forward the IT outsourcing risk management strategy based on IT governance, that is, colleges and universities should establish IT governance institutions, form IT outsourcing management mechanisms, and adopt scientific and normative methods to determine outsourcing demand. Select the right service provider, set up the outsourcing project team and actively participate, cooperate, supervise the outsourcing project, at the same time, we still need to strengthen the training of all kinds of information talents. Finally, taking Shanghai Foreign Studies University, a university in which the author has been engaged in information work for 5 years, as an example, this paper analyzes the present situation and problems of informatization and IT outsourcing, and puts forward some suggestions on how to solve the problems. The innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) referring to the risk management process of enterprise IT outsourcing, putting forward the framework model of IT outsourcing risk management in colleges and universities; (2) making use of SWOT method to analyze IT outsourcing in colleges and universities comprehensively. (3) it is suggested that universities should introduce IT governance to manage IT outsourcing risks.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647

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