美国大学教育质量保证：教师政策的视角
发布时间：2018-08-08 11:52
【摘要】：大众公认,美国是世界上高等教育最发达的国家,不仅在科学研究上引领世界潮流,在人才培养上也有举世瞩目的成就。美国高等教育成功的原因众多,但与美国重视建立系统的高等教育质量保障体系有密切关系,既有内部的评估体系,也有外部的认证体系。从广义上讲,高等质量保障体系,不仅仅是认证体系和评估体系,还包括优质的师资、充足的资金和完善的制度等。梅贻琦先生曾在出任清华大学校长时便提出：“所谓大学者,非谓有大楼之谓也,有大师之谓也。”这说明,优秀教师是优秀大学的关键,也是优质高等教育的基础。但是,拥有了优秀教师,还要建构鼓励他们发挥作用的良好制度。正如香港科技大学前副校长孔宪铎指出,西方一流大学的办学理念是坚持以人为本,制定并执行详尽而完善的游戏规则。他还认为世界一流大学最成功的原因是招聘最好的人并让他们开心。美国的大学,特别是优秀的大学,基本上都有一整套严格的教师招聘的标准和程序,从而招聘到优秀的、胜任教学的教师,为教育质量的保证奠定基础。与此同时,美国的大学也都建立了相对成熟的教师管理制度,以课程政策、教学政策、评价政策等引导和规范教师的教育行为,以教师发展政策提升教师的教育能力,以终身教职政策和薪酬政策等鼓励教师的教学投入。总之,美国的大学教师政策保证教师能教、愿教,从而保证大学教育质量。
[Abstract]:It is generally accepted that America is the most developed country in higher education in the world. It not only leads the world trend in scientific research, but also has remarkable achievements in talent training. There are many reasons for the success of higher education in the United States, but it is closely related to the establishment of a systematic higher education quality assurance system in the United States, both internal evaluation system and external certification system. In a broad sense, higher quality assurance system, not only certification system and evaluation system, but also high quality teachers, adequate funds and perfect system. When he was president of Tsinghua University, Mr. Mei Yiqi said, "A great scholar is not a building, but a master." This shows that excellent teachers are the key of excellent universities and the foundation of high-quality higher education. However, with excellent teachers, we must construct a good system to encourage them to play a role. As Kong Xianduo, the former vice president of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, points out, the idea of a top western university is to stick to the people-oriented approach and to develop and enforce detailed and sound rules of the game. He also believes that the most successful reason for world-class universities is to hire the best and make them happy. American universities, especially excellent universities, basically have a set of strict standards and procedures for the recruitment of teachers, so as to recruit excellent and competent teachers, and lay the foundation for the guarantee of the quality of education. At the same time, American universities have also established relatively mature teacher management systems to guide and standardize teachers' educational behavior with curriculum policy, teaching policy and evaluation policy, and to promote teachers' educational ability by teacher development policy. Encourage teachers to invest in teaching with tenure policy and salary policy. In short, American college teacher policy ensures that teachers can teach and are willing to teach, thus ensuring the quality of college education.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.712
本文编号：2171705
[Abstract]:It is generally accepted that America is the most developed country in higher education in the world. It not only leads the world trend in scientific research, but also has remarkable achievements in talent training. There are many reasons for the success of higher education in the United States, but it is closely related to the establishment of a systematic higher education quality assurance system in the United States, both internal evaluation system and external certification system. In a broad sense, higher quality assurance system, not only certification system and evaluation system, but also high quality teachers, adequate funds and perfect system. When he was president of Tsinghua University, Mr. Mei Yiqi said, "A great scholar is not a building, but a master." This shows that excellent teachers are the key of excellent universities and the foundation of high-quality higher education. However, with excellent teachers, we must construct a good system to encourage them to play a role. As Kong Xianduo, the former vice president of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, points out, the idea of a top western university is to stick to the people-oriented approach and to develop and enforce detailed and sound rules of the game. He also believes that the most successful reason for world-class universities is to hire the best and make them happy. American universities, especially excellent universities, basically have a set of strict standards and procedures for the recruitment of teachers, so as to recruit excellent and competent teachers, and lay the foundation for the guarantee of the quality of education. At the same time, American universities have also established relatively mature teacher management systems to guide and standardize teachers' educational behavior with curriculum policy, teaching policy and evaluation policy, and to promote teachers' educational ability by teacher development policy. Encourage teachers to invest in teaching with tenure policy and salary policy. In short, American college teacher policy ensures that teachers can teach and are willing to teach, thus ensuring the quality of college education.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.712
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