欧美大学教授治校运行模式研究

发布时间：2018-08-09 07:18

【摘要】：我国一直在进行高等教育改革,但是其改革的方向一直集中在外部改革,对于内部而言,其改革的规模和方式都是滞后的,这在很大程度上制约了我国自主办学的能力和水平。因此,在新世纪我国改革的方向必然是对于高校其内部结构的调整,而且有必要把调整大学内部结构放到更加重要的位置。但内部结构的治理是一个非常宏大的课题。欧美高校教授治校的思路为我国大学改革提供了借鉴。教授治校的历史非常悠久,萌芽于中世纪的巴黎大学,是西方高校典型的管理模式,在西方大学的管理中发挥了重要的作用。19世纪德国现代大学构建起来的新型的“正教授治校”的组织模式,把教授管理大学事务的权力推向了极致。之后,美国大学增添的参与式管理也为教授治校提供了新鲜的血液。二十世纪以来,教授治校的管理模式随着高等教育办学环境的变化发生了相应的改变,这种趋势主要是教师群体作为管理者和其他相关的利益群体一致参与大学的管理。作为欧洲高校主要的管理方式,教授治校是促使西方大学走向兴盛的重要原因。欧美大学因历史渊源、政治体制、经济水平等因素的不同,不同国家的教授治校在组织机制上呈现出比较明显的形态差异。按照大学里权力结构的占有方式的不同,可以将教授治校分为三种治理模式：欧洲大陆模式、英国模式、美国模式。其中欧洲国家的英国、德国和法国的治校最为典型。尽管,不同国度存在差异,但是其背后仍然体现出相同的特征,这些特征就是教授治校的核心所在。二十世纪上半叶,教授治校作为一种大学理念引进到我国,对促进我国大学的发展产生了重要的影响。但在新中国成立后,这一制度被长时间地中断了。近些年来,随着我国高校教育体制的改革和深化发展,教授治校开始受到越来越多的关注,很多大学也开始进行新的教授治校的尝试,努力构建符合我国高校情况的治理模式和结构。但到目前为止,中国大学的内部治理仍然存在严重的问题和危机。主要变现为对教授治校思想认识存在误区；高校管理体制当中的科层文化倾向；教授治校法律制度的缺失。这些问题严重制约了我国高校水平的进一步提升。有鉴于此,我国大学的内部改革主要方向应该是向欧美大学借鉴教授治校的成功的经验,以便恢复教授和学术力量在学校管理中的地位和权威。
[Abstract]:China has been carrying out the reform of higher education, but the direction of its reform has been concentrated on the external reform, for the internal, the scale and the way of the reform are lagging behind, which to a large extent restricts the ability and level of our country to run a school independently. Therefore, in the new century, the direction of reform in our country must be to adjust the internal structure of colleges and universities, and it is necessary to put the adjustment of the internal structure of universities in a more important position. But the governance of internal structure is a very big topic. The idea of managing universities by professors in Europe and the United States provides a reference for the reform of universities in our country. The history of professor administration is very long. It originated from the University of Paris in the Middle Ages. It is a typical management model in western universities. It has played an important role in the management of western universities. The modern German universities in the 19th century constructed a new organizational model of "managing universities by full professors", which pushed the power of professors to manage university affairs to the extreme. Since then, the addition of participatory management in American universities has provided fresh blood for professorship. Since the 20th century, the management mode of teaching management has changed with the change of higher education environment. This trend is that the teachers as managers and other relevant interest groups participate in the management of universities. As the main management mode of European universities, professors are the important reasons to promote the prosperity of western universities. Because of the differences of historical origin, political system, economic level and so on, the organizational mechanism of professors in different countries is quite different. According to the different ways of possession of power structure in universities, we can divide the governance of professors into three modes: continental European model, British model and American model. Among them, the European countries of the United Kingdom, Germany and France the most typical school governance. Although there are differences in different countries, there are still the same characteristics behind them, which are the core of teaching. In the first half of the 20th century, professor administration was introduced into China as a kind of university idea, which had an important influence on promoting the development of universities in our country. But after the founding of New China, this system was interrupted for a long time. In recent years, with the reform and deepening development of higher education system in our country, more and more attention has been paid to the management of universities by professors, and many universities have begun to try new ones. Try to build the governance model and structure in accordance with the situation of colleges and universities in China. But so far, there are still serious problems and crises in the internal governance of Chinese universities. The main realization is that there are some misunderstandings on the idea of managing the university by professors; the cultural tendency of the subject level in the management system of colleges and universities; and the lack of the legal system of the management of the schools by professors. These problems have seriously restricted the further improvement of the level of higher education in our country. In view of this, the main direction of the internal reform of Chinese universities should be to draw lessons from the successful experience of professors in European and American universities so as to restore the position and authority of professors and academic forces in school management.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647

【参考文献】