研究型教学的行为分析——基于复旦大学的课堂教学观察

发布时间：2018-08-19 14:18

【摘要】：研究目的:探索本科课堂中所表现的研究型教学行为。分析不同类型教师和学科在这些行为上的差异。方法:采用课堂观察的方法,抽取学期中间时段的59门课进行隐蔽的课堂实地观察。由两名观察者根据研究制定的课堂观察量表对同一门课同时进行相互独立的观察评分。结果:因子分析显示,本科课堂上实际体现的研究型教学可分别从五个维度体现:讨论和发表意见的氛围、鼓励批判和探索、以问题为中心激发探求欲、结合当下实际应用、介绍研究过程和成果。名师在五个维度上的得分均高出非名师。文科较理科和医科课堂均表现出更明显的发表意见的氛围以及与当下实际应用的结合。然而,对于所有课堂,讨论、学生提问等互动形式发生频率很低,名师与非名师在课堂互动形式上没有显著差异。研究提示:名师课堂更注重唤起学生的探究动机和氛围,却和非名师一样未能在教学中设计以学生为中心的表达和创作活动。研究型教学实施存在学科差异,应设计适合理科和医科的研究型教学方法并发展其教师课堂组织能力。
[Abstract]:Objective: to explore the behavior of research-based teaching in undergraduate class. Analyze the differences in these behaviors between different types of teachers and disciplines. Methods: 59 classes in the middle of term were selected for hidden classroom observation by classroom observation. Two observers rated the same class independently according to the classroom observation scale. Results: factor analysis showed that the actual research-oriented teaching in undergraduate classroom could be reflected from five dimensions: the atmosphere of discussion and expression of opinions, the encouragement of criticism and exploration, the stimulation of seeking desire by taking the problem as the center, and the combination of current practical application. The research process and results are introduced. The famous teachers scored higher in the five dimensions than the non-famous teachers. Compared with the science and medicine classes, the liberal arts show a more obvious atmosphere of expression and integration with the practical application. However, for all classes, the frequency of interactive forms such as discussion and student questioning is very low, and there is no significant difference between famous teachers and non-famous teachers in classroom interaction. The research suggests that famous teachers pay more attention to arousing students' inquiry motivation and atmosphere, but fail to design student-centered expression and creative activities in teaching, just like non-famous teachers. There are differences in subjects in the implementation of research-oriented teaching, so we should design research-oriented teaching methods suitable for science and medicine and develop their classroom organizing ability.
【作者单位】：复旦大学;
【基金】：2011年上海市高校本科重点教学改革项目“研究型大学教师发展制度(FD)的系统建构”
【分类号】：G642.0

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