欧洲一体化背景下的高校治理

发布时间：2018-09-04 05:58

【摘要】：“二战”后，美国崛起，作为世界近代高等教育发源地的欧洲失去昔日光环，世界高等教育中心从欧洲迁移至美国。另一方面，近年来，全球化愈演愈烈，各国认识到完善全球治理对于维护国际秩序的重要性，全球化同时把国际社会推入知识经济时代。就此，欧盟在欧洲一体化框架下提出高校治理的诉求，不仅在欧洲范围内加强高等教育的交流，改善办学理念，改进办学模式，协调高校、政府、社会之间的关系，同时注重同美国展开比较与竞争。欧洲一体化背景下的高校治理旨在打造世界一流大学，培养知识经济时代的拔尖人才，重塑欧洲大学辉煌，提升欧盟竞争力，赢得全球经济争霸。由于高校治理既有利于权力从国家向院校下移，同时也可以促进高校提升管理效能，因此，欧洲高校积极地在发展规划、内部治理、学习项目、质量保障、财务政策、人力资源、招生政策以及公私合作等八个方面开展治理改革，，以争取更广范围和更高层次的高校自主权。在欧洲一体化背景下，高校治理在其结构变革、人员流动、增强学校自主性等方面取得瞩目成就；但也不可避免地出现一些困境，例如国家权力再集中，校长权力膨胀危及学术自由，外部利益相关者入侵导致高校商业化。本论文将欧洲高校治理置于全球化与欧洲一体化的时代背景之下，通过梳理欧洲高等教育一体化发展的历史进程，分析欧洲高校治理改革的状况，总结高校治理的特点及困境，从而探索规律，挖掘本质，获得启示。笔者认为，在欧洲一体化背景下，研究欧洲高校治理对中国有两方面的启示意义：一是借鉴意义，因为中国与欧洲在被动应对全球化的过程中扮演着类似的角色，欧洲参与全球化和欧盟展开高校治理改革所获得的经验对我国无疑具有重大价值；二是警示意义，因为欧洲被动应对全球化的同时还要主动出击去争霸，这会直接威胁到中国高校的生存。欧洲一体化进程背景下高校治理堪称经典样本，中国须密切关注与考察，但必定从国情出发。
[Abstract]:After World War II, the United States rose, as the birthplace of modern higher education in the world, Europe lost its former halo, and the center of world higher education migrated from Europe to the United States. On the other hand, in recent years, globalization has become more and more intense. Countries have realized the importance of improving global governance to maintain the international order, and globalization has pushed the international community into the era of knowledge economy at the same time. Therefore, under the framework of European integration, the European Union has put forward the demand of university governance, not only to strengthen the exchange of higher education in Europe, to improve the concept of running a school, to improve the mode of running a school, and to coordinate the relations among universities, governments and society. At the same time focus on the United States to start comparison and competition. Under the background of European integration, university governance aims at building world-class universities, cultivating top talents in the era of knowledge economy, reshaping the brilliance of European universities, enhancing the competitiveness of the European Union, and winning global economic hegemony. Since university governance is not only conducive to the transfer of power from the state to the colleges and universities, but also to the promotion of management effectiveness, European colleges and universities are actively developing planning, internal governance, learning projects, quality assurance, and financial policies. Human resources, enrollment policy and public-private partnership, eight aspects of governance reform, in order to fight for a broader and higher level of autonomy of colleges and universities. In the context of European integration, the governance of colleges and universities has made remarkable achievements in terms of its structural changes, staff mobility, and increasing school autonomy. However, some difficulties inevitably arise, such as the re-centralization of state power. The expansion of president's power endangers academic freedom, and the invasion of external stakeholders leads to the commercialization of colleges and universities. Under the background of globalization and European integration, this paper analyzes the status of European university governance reform by combing the historical process of the integration development of European higher education, and summarizes the characteristics and difficulties of university governance. In order to explore the law, excavate the essence, and get inspiration. The author believes that in the context of European integration, there are two implications for China to study the governance of European universities: first, the significance of reference, because China and Europe play a similar role in the process of passive response to globalization. The experience gained by Europe's participation in globalization and the European Union's reform of university governance is undoubtedly of great value to China; second, it is of great significance to warn, because Europe has to take the initiative to fight for hegemony while responding passively to globalization. This will directly threaten the survival of Chinese universities. Under the background of European integration, university governance can be regarded as a classic sample. China should pay close attention to it, but it must proceed from its national conditions.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.1

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