新疆高校专业建设现状与对策研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 14:59

【摘要】：专业是人才培养的平台，专业建设作为推进高等教育改革、促进教育可持续发展的切入点，其质量将直接决定高校人才培养质量。在西部大开发的背景下，向西倾斜政策的提出提升了新疆在全国现代化建设中的战略地位。新疆经济社会的稳定发展对各级各类专业人才的培养提出了更高的要求，这也成为新疆高等教育发展面临的艰巨任务。专业建设对于高校人才培养具有重要的意义，科学、合理地设立专业既是经济社会发展的必然要求，也是提高高校办学质量和效益，保持教育可持续发展的内在动力。本研究通过自编的“新疆高校专业建设现状与对策研究”调查问卷对新疆7所高校的全日制在读本科生进行随机抽样调查，主要内容涉及“学生自身”、“学校情况”、“社会需求”三方面，，意在从三个角度来全面反映新疆高校专业建设现状，“学校情况”是问卷的主体部分，具体包括师资情况、课程建设、教辅条件、实践教学、培养质量五个维度。运用Excel数据分析平台和SPSS17.0统计软件对调查数据进行录入及相关的统计处理，并结合访谈内容进行了深入分析。研究发现，新疆高校专业建设存在较为突出的问题，主要体现在：专业师资情况有待改善；课程建设中的“短视行为”；专业实践教学效果较不理想；专业培养质量有待提高；专业建设中缺乏学生参与；高校专业调整较为滞后；合理的专业进入与退出机制的缺失；过于追求学科门类齐全，忽视特色发展。基于访谈内容本研究认为引起新疆高校专业建设存在问题的原因是多方面的，主要表现为：专业师资培养投入力度不够；对课程建设重视不够；对专业实践教学效果重视不够；缺乏科学合理的专业培养质量监控体系；管理者欠缺引导学生参与专业建设的意识；高校专业发展对社会需求的适应性较低；尚未建立科学合理的专业管理体系；学校发展思路不够清晰，办学定位不够明确。在此基础上，本研究立足于新疆高校专业发展的实际，提出了针对新疆高校专业建设现状的对策建议：强化专业师资建设；加大课程建设的力度；多途径加强专业实践教学效果；大力提升专业培养质量；鼓励、引导学生参与专业建设；增强专业发展与区域经济的适应性；建立合理的专业进入与退出机制；明确高校发展定位，加强品牌特色专业建设。本研究有利于丰富新疆高校专业建设基本理论；有助于挖掘新疆高校专业建设存在的问题及其深层原因；为新疆高等教育教学改革提供实证依据；有利于推动新疆高等教育的可持续发展，并最终有利于新疆经济社会的稳定发展和长治久安目标的实现。
[Abstract]:Specialty is the platform of talent training. As a starting point to promote the reform of higher education and promote the sustainable development of education, the quality of specialty will directly determine the quality of talent training in colleges and universities. Under the background of the development of the western region, the policy of tilting to the west has promoted the strategic position of Xinjiang in the modernization construction of the whole country. The stable development of economy and society in Xinjiang has put forward higher requirements for the cultivation of professionals of all levels and kinds, which has become the arduous task facing the development of higher education in Xinjiang. The construction of major is of great significance to the cultivation of talents in colleges and universities. The scientific and reasonable setting up of major is not only the inevitable requirement of economic and social development, but also the internal motive force to improve the quality and benefit of running schools in colleges and universities, and to maintain the sustainable development of education. This study conducted a random sampling survey of full-time undergraduate students in 7 universities in Xinjiang by the questionnaire of "the present situation and Countermeasures of Professional Construction in Xinjiang Universities", the main contents of which were "students themselves" and "the situation of schools". The three aspects of "social demand" are intended to reflect the present situation of professional construction in Xinjiang's universities from three angles. The "school situation" is the main part of the questionnaire, which includes the situation of teachers, curriculum construction, teaching auxiliary conditions, practical teaching, etc. Five dimensions of training quality. The Excel data analysis platform and SPSS17.0 statistical software are used to input the survey data and the related statistical processing, and the in-depth analysis is carried out in combination with the content of the interview. It is found that there are some outstanding problems in the specialty construction of colleges and universities in Xinjiang, such as: the situation of professional teachers needs to be improved; the "short-sighted behavior" in the course construction; the effect of professional practice teaching is not ideal; the quality of specialty training needs to be improved; Lack of student participation in professional construction; professional adjustment in universities lag behind; lack of reasonable professional entry and exit mechanism; too much pursuit of a complete range of disciplines, ignoring the development of characteristics. Based on the interview content, this study thinks that there are many reasons for the problems in the professional construction of Xinjiang universities, which are mainly shown as follows: insufficient investment in the training of professional teachers, insufficient attention to curriculum construction, insufficient attention to the effect of professional practical teaching; Lack of scientific and reasonable professional training quality monitoring system; managers lack of awareness to guide students to participate in professional construction; College professional development has low adaptability to social needs; scientific and reasonable professional management system has not been established; The idea of school development is not clear enough, and the orientation of school running is not clear enough. On this basis, this study is based on the reality of professional development in Xinjiang colleges and universities, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the current situation of professional construction in Xinjiang universities: strengthening the construction of professional teachers, strengthening the construction of courses; To strengthen the effect of professional practice teaching, to improve the quality of specialty cultivation, to encourage and guide students to participate in professional construction, to enhance the adaptability between professional development and regional economy, to establish a reasonable mechanism of professional entry and withdrawal; Make clear the development orientation of colleges and universities and strengthen the construction of specialty with brand characteristics. This study is helpful to enrich the basic theory of professional construction in Xinjiang colleges and universities, to dig out the existing problems and the deep causes of professional construction in Xinjiang colleges and universities, to provide an empirical basis for the teaching reform of higher education in Xinjiang. It is propitious to promote the sustainable development of higher education in Xinjiang, and finally benefit the stable development of economy and society in Xinjiang and the realization of the goal of long-term stability.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G642.3

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