20世纪80年代以来美国“以学生为中心”本科教学改革研究
发布时间：2018-10-15 07:38
【摘要】：20世纪中期美国学者提出了“以学生为中心”的本科教育理念,引发了本科教育教学基本观念、教学模式、课程内容和教学管理的系列变革,给高等教育带来了巨大影响。20世纪80年代以来,美国高等教育对“以学生为中心”本科教学进行了积极地探索和实践,在教学改革过程中,通过改变教师评价机制、重视本科生参与科研、推广探究性教学、加强跨学科课程、凸显学生事务管理的服务理念,体现了“以学生为中心”的教育教学理念。从教学改革的成效来看,重视本科生参与科研,提升了本科生的科研能力；推广探究性教学模式,激发了学生的学习积极性；加强跨学科课程,拓宽了学生的知识领域；服务性学生事务管理,凸显了学生的主体性。通过借鉴美国“以学生为中心”本科教学改革的成效,结合我国本科教学发展现状,有针对性地提出了一些启示。 绪论部分是本文的主体线索,阐述了研究缘由和研究的意义,通过分析和整理国外和国内“以学生为中心”教育教学相关方面的研究现状,提出了论文的研究思路。 第一部分,分析了20世纪80年代美国开始“以学生为中心”本科教学改革实践的背景,主要包括：前期“以学生为中心”的教学理论探究,20世纪80年代美国本科教育面临的现实困境,现代教育技术的支撑。 第二部分,总结了20世纪80年代以来美国高校开展“以学生为中心”教学改革的主要措施,包括五个方面：改变教师的评价机制,重视本科生参与科研,推广探究性教学模式,加强跨学科课程,凸显学生事务管理的服务理念。 第三部分,主要对美国20世纪80年代以来“以学生为中心”本科教学改革的成效以及面临的问题展开分析。 第四部分,结合我国高等本科教育教学改革的实际情况,分析了美国80年代以来“以学生为中心”本科教学改革实践对我国的启示。
[Abstract]:In the middle of the 20th century, American scholars put forward the idea of "student-centered" undergraduate education, which led to a series of changes in the basic concept, teaching mode, curriculum content and teaching management of undergraduate education. Since 1980s, American higher education has been actively exploring and practicing "student-centered" undergraduate teaching. In the process of teaching reform, teachers' evaluation mechanism has been changed. Paying attention to undergraduate students' participation in scientific research, popularizing inquiry teaching, strengthening interdisciplinary courses, highlighting the service idea of student affairs management, embodies the educational and teaching idea of "student-centered". From the effect of teaching reform, we should pay attention to undergraduate students' participation in scientific research, improve their scientific research ability, popularize the mode of inquiry teaching, stimulate students' enthusiasm in learning, strengthen interdisciplinary courses and broaden students' fields of knowledge. Service student affairs management highlights the subjectivity of students. By drawing lessons from the achievements of the undergraduate teaching reform in the United States, combining with the present situation of undergraduate teaching in China, this paper puts forward some enlightenments in the light of the current situation of the development of undergraduate teaching in China. The introduction part is the main clue of this paper, expounds the research reason and the significance of the research, through the analysis and arrangement of foreign and domestic "student-centered" education and teaching related research status, put forward the research ideas of the paper. The first part analyzes the background of the undergraduate teaching reform in the United States, which began to be student-centered in the 1980s. It mainly includes: the earlier teaching theory of "student-centered", the realistic predicament faced by American undergraduate education in 1980s, and the support of modern educational technology. The second part summarizes the main measures of "student-centered" teaching reform in American universities since 1980s, including five aspects: changing the evaluation mechanism of teachers, attaching importance to undergraduate students' participation in scientific research, and popularizing the inquiry teaching model. Strengthen the cross-disciplinary curriculum, highlight the service concept of student affairs management. The third part mainly analyzes the effectiveness and problems of the undergraduate teaching reform of "student-centered" since the 1980s in the United States. The fourth part, combined with the actual situation of higher education teaching reform in China, analyzes the enlightenment to our country from the practice of "student-centered" undergraduate teaching reform since the 1980s in the United States.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G649.712
本文编号：2271824
[Abstract]:In the middle of the 20th century, American scholars put forward the idea of "student-centered" undergraduate education, which led to a series of changes in the basic concept, teaching mode, curriculum content and teaching management of undergraduate education. Since 1980s, American higher education has been actively exploring and practicing "student-centered" undergraduate teaching. In the process of teaching reform, teachers' evaluation mechanism has been changed. Paying attention to undergraduate students' participation in scientific research, popularizing inquiry teaching, strengthening interdisciplinary courses, highlighting the service idea of student affairs management, embodies the educational and teaching idea of "student-centered". From the effect of teaching reform, we should pay attention to undergraduate students' participation in scientific research, improve their scientific research ability, popularize the mode of inquiry teaching, stimulate students' enthusiasm in learning, strengthen interdisciplinary courses and broaden students' fields of knowledge. Service student affairs management highlights the subjectivity of students. By drawing lessons from the achievements of the undergraduate teaching reform in the United States, combining with the present situation of undergraduate teaching in China, this paper puts forward some enlightenments in the light of the current situation of the development of undergraduate teaching in China. The introduction part is the main clue of this paper, expounds the research reason and the significance of the research, through the analysis and arrangement of foreign and domestic "student-centered" education and teaching related research status, put forward the research ideas of the paper. The first part analyzes the background of the undergraduate teaching reform in the United States, which began to be student-centered in the 1980s. It mainly includes: the earlier teaching theory of "student-centered", the realistic predicament faced by American undergraduate education in 1980s, and the support of modern educational technology. The second part summarizes the main measures of "student-centered" teaching reform in American universities since 1980s, including five aspects: changing the evaluation mechanism of teachers, attaching importance to undergraduate students' participation in scientific research, and popularizing the inquiry teaching model. Strengthen the cross-disciplinary curriculum, highlight the service concept of student affairs management. The third part mainly analyzes the effectiveness and problems of the undergraduate teaching reform of "student-centered" since the 1980s in the United States. The fourth part, combined with the actual situation of higher education teaching reform in China, analyzes the enlightenment to our country from the practice of "student-centered" undergraduate teaching reform since the 1980s in the United States.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G649.712
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