美国研究型大学专职科研队伍建设研究及启示

发布时间：2018-10-31 17:25

【摘要】：自1978年中国实施改革开放以来，我国对建立世界一流研究型大学的愿望越来越迫切，研究型大学对于提高科研人员研究能力、创造优秀科研成果、建立科技创新型国家具有重要而深远的意义。而作为研究型大学的中坚力量，专职科研队伍的建设将会对研究型大学科研力量的发展产生至关重要的作用。一方面，在研究型大学建立一支优秀的专职科研队伍是建立创新型国家的外部需求；另一方面，在研究型大学建立一支优秀的专职科研队伍也是建设世界一流大学的内部需求。本文以美国三所研究型大学的（斯坦福大学、麻省理工学院、密西根大学）专职科研队伍为主要研究对象，首先分析了三所大学专职科研队伍建设的基本情况，从专职科研队伍的规模、类型、聘任、管理和评价、薪酬体系这五部分对三所大学的专职科研队伍作了具体探讨。其次分析了美国专职科研队伍建设中的一个特例——博士后制度。总结概括了美国博士后制度的发展历史和发展特点。然后指出了我国研究型大学建立一支专职科研队伍的必要性，分析了当前我国一些研究型大学专职科研队伍的现状，同时也对我国的博士后制度作了具体的分析和阐述，通过比较中美博士后制度发展的异同，提出了对于我国发展博士后制度的有益启示。最后一部分通过比较分析中美研究型大学在建立专职科研队伍中的差异，提出了我国研究型大学建设专职科研队伍的四点启示：建立宏大的人才队伍，为专职科研队伍建设提供人才保证；建立科学的聘任制度，，为专职科研队伍建设提供质量保证；建立灵活的管理制度，为专职科研队伍建设提供发展保证；建立充足的薪酬体系，为专职科研队伍建设提供资金保证。
[Abstract]:Since China's reform and opening up in 1978, China's desire to establish world-class research universities has become more and more urgent. Research universities have made great efforts to improve the research ability of scientific researchers and to create excellent scientific research results. It is of great significance to establish an innovative country in science and technology. As the backbone of research universities, the construction of full-time research team will play an important role in the development of research universities. On the one hand, establishing an excellent full-time research team in a research university is the external demand of building an innovative country; on the other hand, establishing an excellent full-time research team in a research university is also the internal demand for building a world-class university. This paper takes the full-time research team of three American research universities (Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and University of Michigan) as the main research object, and analyzes the basic situation of the construction of the full-time research team in the three universities. From the scale, type, appointment, management and evaluation, salary system of the full-time scientific research team, the paper makes a concrete discussion on the full-time research team of the three universities. Secondly, it analyzes the post-doctoral system, which is a special case in the construction of full-time scientific research team in the United States. The development history and characteristics of the postdoctoral system in the United States are summarized. Then it points out the necessity of establishing a full-time research team in our country's research universities, analyzes the present situation of some research universities' full-time scientific research teams in our country, and at the same time makes a concrete analysis and elaboration of our country's postdoctoral system. By comparing the development of postdoctoral system between China and the United States, this paper puts forward some useful enlightenment for the development of postdoctoral system in China. In the last part, through the comparative analysis of the differences between Chinese and American research universities in the establishment of full-time scientific research teams, the author puts forward four enlightenments for China's research universities to build full-time research teams: to establish a large contingent of talented people. To provide talents guarantee for the construction of full-time scientific research team; Establish a scientific appointment system to provide quality assurance for the construction of full-time scientific research team, establish flexible management system, and provide development assurance for full-time scientific research team construction; Establish adequate compensation system to provide financial guarantee for the construction of full-time scientific research team.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647

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