中国高校国外留学生的适应状况和应对策略

发布时间：2018-11-10 17:50

【摘要】：留学生在留学国家面临一定的挑战。这些挑战可以定义为压力，根据Kelly和Evans（2004）的观点，20世纪压力被看成一种个体和环境动态影响的复杂的疾病。本研究的主要目的是采用质化和量化研究调查在中国东北的留学生的压力、适应性以及应对措施。在长春市随机选择了两所大学的254名留学生进行问卷调查，问卷包含5个测验。研究中测试了7个问题，并建立了7个假设。采用了单变量和双变量统计方法分析数据。研究发现，天气(94%)、语言障碍(87%)和食物选择(60%)对留学生而言是最主要的压力因素，而最有效的解决措施是给家人打电话(86%)、拜访朋友(80%)、听音乐(79%)和网上冲浪(72%)。另外，研究发现，天气虽然是最大的压力因素，但是它对留学生的社会性适应没有影响(Χ2=1.10, p0.05)。另外，留学生的生源地和本国官方语言对汉语的熟练程度具有显著影响(Χ2=6.87, P0.05)，，韩语对汉语熟练程度的影响最大。一年汉语学习对留学生的文化适应水平有显著影响(Χ2=42.3, P0.05)；在中国居住的持续时间对汉语的熟练程度具有显著影响(F=5.473, P0.05)。但是，留学生在中国居住时间的长短对他们适应情况没有显著影响(F=2.099, P0.05)。人口统计学变量年龄、性别和婚姻状况中年龄与留学生的社会适应相关程度最高(r=0.16)。留学生的婚姻状态对社会性适应具有显著影响(Χ2=20.8,P0.05)，未婚的留学生比已婚留学生需要更高程度地适应，已婚的留学生对在中国的社交生活适应良好。课外活动、体育活动、社会交往与对当地社区的社会适应正相关。本研究认为，与其它几个影响因素相比，语言熟练程度对于留学生的社会文化适应有着非常重要的作用。从不同的大洲，代表不同文化背景的国际学生适应不同的压力条件。
[Abstract]:International students face certain challenges in the countries where they study abroad. These challenges can be defined as stress, which, according to Kelly and Evans (2004), was regarded as a complex disease of individual and environmental dynamics. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the pressure, adaptability and countermeasures of overseas students in Northeast China by using qualitative and quantitative research. A total of 254 foreign students were randomly selected from two universities in Changchun. Seven questions were tested and seven hypotheses were established. Univariate and bivariate statistical methods are used to analyze the data. The study found that weather (94%), language disorders (87%) and food choices (60%) were the main stress factors for foreign students, while the most effective solutions were to call family (86%) and visit friends (80%). Listening to music (79%) and surfing the Internet (72%). In addition, the study found that although weather is the biggest stress factor, it has no effect on the social adaptation of foreign students (X 21.10, p 0.05). In addition, the origin of the students and the official language have a significant impact on the proficiency of Chinese (X 2: 6.87, P0.05), Korean has the greatest impact on the proficiency of Chinese. One year's Chinese study had significant influence on the level of cultural adaptation of foreign students (X _ 2 ~ 2 ~ (2), P ~ (0.05), while the duration of living in China had a significant effect on the proficiency of Chinese (F _ (5.473), P _ (0.05). However, the length of time spent in China had no significant effect on their adaptation (FV 2.099, P 0.05). Age, sex and marital status had the highest correlation with international students' social adaptation (r = 0.16). The marital status of foreign students has significant influence on social adaptation (P0.05). Unmarried students need to adapt to a higher degree than married students, and married students adapt well to social life in China. Extracurricular activities, sports activities, social interaction and social adaptation to local communities are positively related. Compared with other factors, language proficiency plays an important role in the social and cultural adaptation of foreign students. International students from different continents, representing different cultural backgrounds, adapt to different stress conditions.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G648.9

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