从文化视角探讨中式思维对中国高校学生批判性思维的影响

发布时间：2018-11-14 13:18

【摘要】：批判性思维是一种“有目的性的，对产生知识的过程、理论、方法、背景、证据和评价知识的标准等正确与否作出自我调节性判断的思维过程”。国内外一些研究表明，中国学生的批判性思维倾向和能力普遍较弱，一些学者把此归结为中国传统文化，认为中国文化影响下的中国式思维方式与现代意义上的批判性思维相背离。本文通过实证研究验证这一问题，研究目的如下：一是了解中国高校学生批判性思维倾向现状和中国式思维现状，二是探索两者之间的关系。本研究采用问卷调查为工具，受试者是409名华中科技大学在读本科生和研究生。问卷分两部分，，第一部分为侯玉波等人设计的中国人整体思维方式量表，第二部分为费熊尼等人设计的《加利福尼亚批判性思维倾向问卷》中文版。以往的研究表明两份量表有较好的信效度。研究结果表明：1）被试高校学生大体上呈现出正性的批判性思维倾向，但只是刚刚超过临界值，与国外大学生相比差距较大，中国学生尤其在求真度和思想开放性上表现较弱；2）被试高校学生的中国式整体思维方式表现出最多的联系性特征，其次是矛盾性和变化性；3）中国式思维方式的三个特性与批判性思维倾向均有显著相关关系，其中联系性与批判性思维倾向呈正相关；矛盾性和变化性与批判性思维倾向呈负相关，但关系较弱；4）中国式思维方式不能完全解释批判性思维倾向的强弱，除此之外还有其他未知变量影响了中国高校学生的批判性思维倾向。本研究结果的启示是：在高等教育中提高中国学生的批判性思维势在必行，但不能完全把中国学生较弱的批判性思维归结于中国传统文化，应充分发挥中国式思维中对批判性思维的积极因素，减少其消极因素，以此促进学生的批判性思维水平。
[Abstract]:Critical thinking is a "purposeful, self-regulating process of thinking about the process, theory, method, background, evidence, and criteria for evaluating knowledge". Some studies at home and abroad have shown that Chinese students generally have weak critical thinking tendencies and abilities, which some scholars attribute to traditional Chinese culture. It is believed that the Chinese mode of thinking under the influence of Chinese culture deviates from the critical thinking in the modern sense. The purpose of this study is as follows: first, to understand the current situation of critical thinking and Chinese thinking of Chinese college students, and second, to explore the relationship between them. The subjects were 409 undergraduates and postgraduates of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The questionnaire is divided into two parts. The first part is the Chinese overall thinking style scale designed by Hou Yubo et al. The second part is the Chinese version of California critical thinking disposition questionnaire designed by Feixione et al. Previous studies have shown that the two scales have good reliability and validity. The results show that: 1) the students in colleges and universities generally show positive critical thinking tendency, but they have just exceeded the critical value, and there is a big gap compared with the foreign college students. Chinese students, especially in the degree of seeking truth and ideological openness performance is weak; 2) the Chinese mode of thinking of the students in colleges and universities shows the most associated characteristics, followed by contradiction and variation; 3) the three characteristics of Chinese mode of thinking have significant correlation with the tendency of critical thinking, among which the relation between the relation and the tendency of critical thinking is positive, the contradiction and variation are negatively correlated with the tendency of critical thinking, but the relationship is weak. 4) Chinese mode of thinking can not fully explain the strength of critical thinking tendency, in addition to other unknown variables affect the critical thinking tendency of Chinese college students. The enlightenment of this study is that it is imperative to improve the critical thinking of Chinese students in higher education, but the weaker critical thinking of Chinese students cannot be attributed to Chinese traditional culture. The positive factors of critical thinking in Chinese thinking should be brought into full play and the negative factors should be reduced in order to promote the students' critical thinking level.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G645.5

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