河南某大学新生视力现状及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-11-28 09:55

【摘要】：目的了解河南省某大学入学新生视力不良的现状及特点,研究青年学生视力不良的影响因素及防治视力不良的有效方法,为进一步开展青年学生视力预防保健工作提供科学依据。方法本研究采取整群抽样方法选取河南某高校大学新生为调查对象,对入学新生进行视力普查和问卷调查,在2006-2010年间共累计调查新生16751名；调查数据采用Epidata3.0录入,利用SPSS12.0分析。结果 1.一般情况：在16751名被调查大学生中,男性8634名,女性8117名；城市户籍的学生有9257名,农村户籍的学生有7494名；19岁以下的学生有8441名,19岁以上的学生有8310名。被调查者中总体视力不良检出率为86.02%(14409／16751),其中,轻、中、重度视力不良平均检出率分别是8.01%、15.69%、62.32%。2010年视力不良检出率较2006年下降3.28%,差异有统计学意义(x2=14.574,P0.05)。 2.不同性别、户籍、年龄组视力不良比较：2006-2010年男生视力不良平均检出率(85.17%)低于女生(86.92%),差异具有统计学意义(x2=10.550,P0.05),且不同年份男生视力不良检出率均低于女生(P0.05)；2006-2010年间城市户籍与农村户籍学生平均视力不良率存在差异(x2=28.907,P0.05),城市户籍学生平均视力不良率高于农村,2006-2010年城市户籍学生视力不良率总体呈下降趋势,而农村户籍学生视力不良率总体呈上升趋势；2006年城市户籍学生视力不良率高于农村户籍学生(x2=46.252,P0.05),2010年城市户籍学生视力不良率与农村户籍学生基本持平。2006～2010年城市户籍与农村户籍学生视力不良率差距逐年缩小,2009年后基本持平。2006～2010年间19岁以上组视力不良平均检出率高于19岁及以下组,差异有统计学意义(x2=16.749,P0.05),且同年份两组视力不良检出率均存在差异(P0.05)。 3.视力不良的影响因素：父母近视情况、看书距离、课间休息方式、课外活动时间、每天是否坚持做眼保健操对视力不良影响较为显著(P0.05)；Logistic回归分析结果发现,对视力不良影响较大的因素依次为父母近视情况、课余每天用眼时间、课间休息方式、每天户外活动时间、每天是否坚持做眼保健操。课外体育锻炼、课间休息时到室外活动、每天户外活动时间较长、坚持每天做眼保健操为视力不良的保护因素；父母近视、看书距离近、教室照明过暗、看电脑电视时间较长、课外用眼时间较长为视力不良的危险因素。结论 2006～2010年河南省某高校入学新生视力不良率总体呈下降趋势,但仍处于较高水平,存在性别、户籍和年龄的差异；高校新生视力不良与遗传因素、用眼习惯、用眼时间和用眼保健相关性较大；高校新生视力不良是诸多因素共同作用的结果,而学生视力的保护工作应受到卫生部门、学校和全社会的重视和参与,尽早采取综合性措施防治学生视力不良。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the present situation and characteristics of visual acuity among freshmen enrolled in a university in Henan Province, and to study the influencing factors of vision impairment among young students and the effective methods to prevent and cure it. To provide scientific basis for the further development of vision prevention and health care for young students. Methods A cluster sampling method was adopted to select freshmen from a university in Henan Province as the objects of investigation. A total of 16751 freshmen were investigated in 2006-2010 by means of a general survey of eyesight and questionnaire. The investigation data were recorded by Epidata3.0 and analyzed by SPSS12.0. Result 1. General situation: of the 16751 college students surveyed, 8634 were males and 8117 females; 9257 were urban registered students, 7494 were rural registered students; 8441 were under 19 years old; 8310 were over 19 years old. The overall detection rate of poor vision was 86.02% (14409 / 16751). The average detection rate of light, moderate and severe visual acuity was 8.01% and 15.6995%, respectively. The detection rate of poor eyesight in 2010 was 3.28% lower than that in 2006, the difference was statistically significant (x20.14.574% P 0.05). 2. Comparison of visual acuity in different gender, household registration and age groups: the average prevalence rate of visual impairment in boys (85.17%) was lower than that in girls (86.92%) in 2006-2010, and the difference was statistically significant (x2P 10.550). The detection rate of poor eyesight of male students in different years was lower than that of girls (P0.05). From 2006 to 2010, there was a difference in the average rate of vision impairment between urban and rural registered students (x20.28.907), and the average rate of poor eyesight of urban registered students was higher than that of rural students. From 2006 to 2010, the rate of poor eyesight of urban household registration students showed a downward trend, while the rate of rural household registration students showed an overall rising trend. In 2006, the rate of poor eyesight of urban household registration students was higher than that of rural household registration students (x2f46.252, P0.05). From 2006 to 2010, the gap between urban household registration and rural household registration was reduced year by year. From 2006 to 2010, the average detection rate of visual acuity in the group over 19 years old was higher than that in the group aged 19 years and below, and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). The detection rate of visual acuity was different between the two groups in the same year (P0.05). 3. The influencing factors of poor eyesight were: parents' myopia, reading distance, break mode, extracurricular activity time, whether or not to do eye exercises every day, had a significant effect on visual acuity (P0.05); The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the major factors affecting the poor visual acuity were the myopia of parents, the time of eye use after school, the way of rest between classes, the time of outdoor activities every day, and whether or not to do eye exercises every day. Extracurricular physical exercise, outdoor activities during recess, outdoor activities every day longer, adhere to doing eye exercises every day for the protection of poor eyesight; The risk factors of poor eyesight were myopia of parents, close distance of reading, dim lighting of classroom, long time of watching computer TV and long time of using eyes after class. Conclusion from 2006 to 2010, the rate of vision failure of freshmen enrolled in a certain university in Henan Province showed a downward trend, but it was still in a high level, and there were differences in gender, household registration and age. The relationship between poor eyesight and genetic factors, eye habit, eye use time and eye health care was significant. The visual acuity of freshmen in colleges and universities is the result of many factors, and the protection of students' eyesight should be paid more attention and participation by the health department, schools and the whole society, and comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent and cure the students' visual acuity as soon as possible.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.8

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