高校科技经费的财政投入效益研究

发布时间：2018-12-27 16:45

【摘要】：在经济全球化的今天，科学技术成为国际竞争的关键因素。面对发达国家掌控核心技术、享有领先优势的局面，保证本国科技实力的不断提升成为身为发展中国家的中国在国际竞争中占据有利地位的必由之路，这就需要国家持续强化对科技的投入。我国高校的科技活动在科教兴国战略实施二十多年后取得了令人瞩目的改革成绩，，但同时存在的问题也时刻提醒着我们发展高校科技事业的任重道远。本文根据2002-2010年《高校科技统计资料汇编》的相关数据对高校科技经费的财政投入进行了研究。第三章描述性分析着重从公平视角刻画高校的科技经费投入，整体描述和分类描述都表明高校科技经费中的政府经费在比重上占据绝对优势。与依据学校类型这一标准的划分相比，在对高校按照学校规格、学校隶属进行划分时，学校各类别间科技经费差距更悬殊。文中按照三种标准分类后，获得经费最多的学校类别依次为教育部直属院校、“211”及省部共建学校和工科院校，对每类学校而言，政府经费始终是科技经费的主体。第四章以多投入多产出为视角，着重从效率方面进行考察。DEA分析结果表明整体效率欠佳，投入产出配比失当，科技经费投入的短缺是造成效率低下的重要原因，作为这两类高校科技经费最主要组成部分的政府拨入资金缺口的严重程度亟待关注和解决，同时教育部直属院校科研绩效提升的紧迫性亦不容忽视。SEM分析得到的结果显示不论是“211”及省部共建院校整体还是其中的直属院校，政府经费效益均低下。研究还进一步发现了科技投入对直属与非直属院校学术和专利两类成果影响力度存在差异，并得出了非直属院校比直属院校产学研结合度更为紧密的结论。最后一章针对实证分析得出的科技经费投入中的财政投入效益欠佳的结论，结合实际提出了改进的政策建议。本文实证部分描述分析的总分结合、两种方法的运用实现了对高校科技经费中财政投入公平与效率的较为全面、多维度的刻画，扩展了对高校科技投入机制的研究，为完善高校科技投入的财政政策的制定提供了可靠依据，对推进创新型国家建设具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:In the economic globalization today, science and technology becomes the key factor of international competition. In the face of the developed countries taking control of the core technology and enjoying the leading edge, ensuring the continuous upgrading of their scientific and technological strength has become the only way for China, as a developing country, to occupy a favorable position in the international competition. This requires the country to continuously strengthen its investment in science and technology. The activities of science and technology in colleges and universities in our country have made remarkable achievements after the implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education for more than 20 years, but at the same time, the existing problems also remind us that the development of science and technology in colleges and universities has a long way to go. Based on the relevant data from 2002 to 2010, this paper studies the financial input of scientific and technological funds in colleges and universities. The third chapter focuses on describing the investment of science and technology funds from the perspective of equity. The overall description and classification description show that the government funds in the university science and technology funds occupy an absolute advantage in proportion. Compared with the classification according to the standard of school type, the disparity of scientific and technological funds among different types of schools is even greater when colleges and universities are divided according to school specifications and school subordination. According to the three kinds of standard classification, the most funded schools are the universities directly under the Ministry of Education, the "211" and the co-built schools and engineering colleges. For each kind of schools, the government funds are always the main body of the funds for science and technology. In the fourth chapter, from the perspective of multi-input and multi-output, we focus on the efficiency. DEA analysis results show that the overall efficiency is not good, the input-output ratio is mismatched, and the shortage of scientific and technological investment is the important reason for the inefficiency. As the most important part of the science and technology funds of these two kinds of colleges and universities, the severity of the gap between the government and the government needs to be paid close attention to and solved urgently. At the same time, the urgency of improving the scientific research performance of colleges directly under the Ministry of Education can not be ignored. The results obtained by SEM analysis show that the government funds benefit is low, whether it is "211" and the universities or colleges directly affiliated with the Ministry of Education. The research also found that there are differences in the influence of science and technology investment on the academic and patent achievements of both affiliated and non-affiliated colleges and universities, and the conclusion is drawn that the degree of integration of production, study and research in non-affiliated colleges is more close than that in direct-affiliated colleges. In the last chapter, according to the conclusion of the empirical analysis that the benefit of scientific and technological investment is not good, some policy suggestions are put forward. The empirical part of this paper describes the combination of the total score of the analysis, the two methods to achieve a more comprehensive and multi-dimensional depiction of the fairness and efficiency of the financial investment in the scientific and technological funds of colleges and universities, and expand the research on the mechanism of scientific and technological investment in colleges and universities. It provides a reliable basis for perfecting the financial policy of science and technology investment in colleges and universities, and is of great significance to promote the construction of innovative country.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647

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