美国终身教授制度价值取向的演变

发布时间：2019-01-09 06:49

【摘要】：终身教授制度如今已是美国最成熟最普遍使用的教师聘任制度。中国高校人事制度改对该制度进行效仿和借鉴却招来非议，认为其精神与美国终身教授制度南辕北辙。除了制度的形式内容，制度的价值取向也颇为重要，这涉及到制度的精神。如果能对制度的价值取向加以了解，我们便能够对该制度了解得更加深刻。本研究题为“美国终身教授制度价值取向的演变”。主要是对该制度提出时期、完善时期以及改革时期的价值取向进行讨论。之所以有这样的阶段划分，是因为在这三个阶段大学教授协会都有文件材料对该制度的内容进行修改。也正因为制度的内容有所修改，才引起了我对该制度不同阶段价值取向的思考。本文主要的研究方法有文献检索、历史研究和思辨法。其中，历史研究法纵向得将制度的发展过程进行梳理、划分阶段。而思辨法贯穿于制度发展的各个阶段。由于思辨法与行动研究相对应，是一种纯理论纯概念的思考方法，因此，本文以价值取向的概念作为出发点，建立论文研究的思维框架。要弄清楚制度的价值取向，必须首先确定“特定的时期”；然后对每个时期跟终身教授制度相关的历史事件加以收集，提取事件背后的“矛盾冲突”；最后根据制度制定的内容分析在当时的矛盾冲突之下，该制度的制定者倾向于什么而对制度有了这样的规定。这就是制度价值取向的探索过程，也是本研究第三、四、五章的行文思路。本研究共六章，各章主要内容如下：第一章为引言，，主要包括了论文的选题缘由、研究意义、研究主题的概念界定、研究现状和研究方法。第二章是对美国终身教授制度提出之前的相关情况进行论述。虽然本文研究的主题是“美国终身教授制度价值取向的演变”，但我坚信在该制度制度化以前美国高校教师聘任制度也存在一定的倾向。第二章的内容根据时间的划分，对前制度化时期的相关情况作了简单的回顾。第三、四、五章是本研究的核心部分。采用上述思辨法分析各个时期持各种价值取向的美国终身教授制度的时代背景、特征和评价。其中，特征部分主要描述史实提炼矛盾冲突，是本研究的重中之重。第六章为结语部分，是对美国终身教授价值取向演变的回顾，也是对全文的总结。
[Abstract]:Tenure-tenure system is now the most mature and widely used teacher appointment system in the United States. The reform of personnel system in Chinese colleges and universities has been imitated and used for reference, and its spirit is considered to be diametrically different from that of the tenure system in the United States. In addition to the formal content of the system, the value orientation of the system is also very important, which involves the spirit of the system. If we can understand the value orientation of the system, we can understand it more deeply. This study is entitled "the evolution of the value orientation of the tenure system in the United States." This paper mainly discusses the value orientation of this system in the period of putting forward, perfecting and reforming. The reason for this division is that in all three stages the Association of University Professors has documented changes to the content of the system. Just because the content of the system has been modified, it has caused me to think about the value orientation in different stages of the system. The main research methods of this paper are literature retrieval, historical research and speculative methods. Among them, the historical research method can sort out the development process of the system vertically and divide it into stages. The speculative method runs through every stage of the system development. Due to the correspondence between speculative method and action research, it is a pure conceptual thinking method. Therefore, this paper takes the concept of value orientation as the starting point and establishes the thinking frame of the thesis research. In order to find out the value orientation of the system, we must first determine the "specific period", then collect the historical events related to the tenure system in each period, and extract the "contradiction and conflict" behind the events. Finally, according to the content of the system, under the contradictions and conflicts, the system makers tend to have such a regulation. This is the exploration process of institutional value orientation, and the thought of the third, fourth and fifth chapters of this study. The main contents of this study are as follows: the first chapter is the introduction, which mainly includes the reason of the topic, the significance of the research, the definition of the concept of the research topic, the current research situation and the research methods. The second chapter is to discuss the relevant situation before American lifelong professor system is put forward. Although the theme of this paper is "the evolution of the value orientation of the tenured professor system in the United States", I firmly believe that before the institutionalization of the system, there is also a certain tendency in the system of appointing teachers in American colleges and universities. The second chapter makes a brief review of the former institutionalization period according to the division of time. The third, fourth and fifth chapters are the core of this study. This paper analyzes the historical background, characteristics and evaluation of the tenured tenure system in the United States with various value orientations in each period by using the above speculative method. Among them, the feature part mainly describes the contradiction and conflict of historical facts, which is the most important part of this study. The sixth chapter is the conclusion, which is a review of the evolution of the value orientation of lifelong professors in the United States, and a summary of the full text.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G649.712

【参考文献】