创业环境与大学生创业竞争战略选择的关系研究

发布时间：2019-01-20 14:55

【摘要】：我国正力争成为创新型国家,将科技创新作为基本战略,改革发展为大学生创业提供新机遇,加上政府政策的倾斜,大学生创业在我国已掀起热潮,草根创业优势渐渐变弱。国外曾有学者对部分国家环境下的创业环境对创业行为的影响,或对创业战略选择的影响关系开展过研究。在中国,学者大多关注创业环境对创业绩效的影响研究,至于创业环境对创业行为本身包括创业战略的影响关系尚未有学者进行过系统研究。对特殊群体大学生创业的研究,我国在创业实践方面起步较晚,对此研究也相对不成熟。尽管不少研究涉及到大学生创业,但大多是从企业个体角度研究大学生创业成功的影响因素,或是从宏观角度研究现有的创业政策,包括资金扶持、创业教育体系构成等。创业行为及创业活动总是在特定的创业环境中产生与发展起来的,会受到所处创业环境的影响。本文通过初期企业访谈及原有相关文献的回顾,构建了“创业环境-大学生创业竞争战略选择”模型,旨在研究创业环境对大学生创业竞争战略选择的影响,并以大学生创业较活跃的“国家大学生创业示范基地”杭州市调研数据进行实证性研究,得出杭州市优良的创业环境与大学生创业企业创业战略的科学性选择有显著影响。相对于其他地区,杭州市大学生创业企业的成功率较高,共性的创业环境优势及受其影响的创业行为的合理性均是重要的影响因素。本文首先对相关文献资料进行整理和分析,详细综述了现有学者的国内外研究现状,为实证模型的建立和研究假设的提出建立理论基础；接着,本文根据理论研究结果和小规模大学生创业企业访谈结果提出了实证模型、维度选择和研究假设。通过对杭州市几个城区政府资助的大学生创业园创业企业问卷访谈获得基础数据,运用SPSS进行数据分析并获得实证结果。本研究的结论是政策扶持与目标集聚战略、缔结联盟战略、网络关系战略有正相关关系,而与市场空白战略相关性假设未通过检验；市场环境与目标集聚战略、市场空白战略有正相关关系,而与缔结联盟战略和网络关系战略的相关性假设未通过检验；社会环境与目标集聚战略和网络关系战略有正相关关系,而与市场空白战略和缔结联盟战略的相关性假设未通过检验；融资环境则因创业初期大学生创业融资渠道的单一,与创业竞争战略选择均呈弱相关关系。根据研究结果本文提出了优化大学生创业环境、如何正确引导大学生创业竞争战略选择的相关对策。
[Abstract]:Our country is striving to become an innovation-oriented country, taking scientific and technological innovation as the basic strategy, providing new opportunities for college students to start their own businesses through reform and development. In addition, the inclination of government policies has led to the upsurge of university students' entrepreneurship and the gradual weakening of grassroots entrepreneurial advantages. Some foreign scholars have studied the influence of entrepreneurial environment on entrepreneurial behavior in some countries, or on the relationship between entrepreneurial strategy choice and entrepreneurial environment. In China, most scholars pay attention to the impact of entrepreneurial environment on entrepreneurial performance, but there has not been a systematic study on the impact of entrepreneurial environment on entrepreneurial behavior, including entrepreneurial strategy. The research on entrepreneurship of special groups of college students in China started late in the field of entrepreneurial practice, and the research is relatively immature. Although many studies involve university students' entrepreneurship, most of them study the influencing factors of college students' entrepreneurial success from the angle of enterprise individual, or study the existing entrepreneurial policies from the macro perspective, including financial support, the composition of entrepreneurship education system and so on. Entrepreneurial behaviors and entrepreneurial activities are always generated and developed in a specific entrepreneurial environment, which will be affected by the entrepreneurial environment in which they live. Based on the initial interview and literature review, this paper constructs a model of "Entrepreneurial Environment-Strategic Choice of Entrepreneurial Competition for College students", in order to study the impact of entrepreneurial environment on the choice of entrepreneurial competition strategy for college students. Based on the survey data of "National demonstration Base for University students' Entrepreneurship", which is active for college students' entrepreneurship, it is concluded that the excellent entrepreneurial environment of Hangzhou has a significant impact on the scientific choice of entrepreneurial strategy for college students. Compared with other regions, the success rate of college students' entrepreneurial enterprises in Hangzhou is relatively high. The common entrepreneurial environment advantages and the rationality of entrepreneurial behaviors affected by them are important factors. Firstly, this paper summarizes the current research situation of scholars at home and abroad in detail, which is the theoretical basis for the establishment of empirical model and the establishment of research hypotheses. Then, the empirical model, dimension selection and research hypothesis are put forward according to the theoretical research results and the interview results of small scale college students' entrepreneurial enterprises. The basic data are obtained by interviews with the questionnaire of university students' entrepreneurial enterprises funded by the government in several urban areas of Hangzhou. The data are analyzed by using SPSS and the empirical results are obtained. The conclusion of this study is that there is a positive correlation between policy support and goal agglomeration strategy, alliance strategy and network relationship strategy, but the hypothesis of correlation with market blank strategy has not passed the test. The market environment has a positive correlation with the target agglomeration strategy and the market blank strategy, but the hypothesis of correlation with the alliance strategy and the network relationship strategy has not passed the test. There is a positive correlation between social environment and target agglomeration strategy and network relationship strategy, but the hypothesis of relevance to market blank strategy and alliance strategy has not passed the test. The financing environment is weakly related to the choice of venture competition strategy because of the single channel of venture financing for college students in the early stage of entrepreneurship. According to the research results, this paper puts forward the relevant countermeasures to optimize the entrepreneurial environment of college students and how to correctly guide them to choose their entrepreneurial competitive strategy.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F272;G647.38;F224

【参考文献】