大学生职业决策困难及干预研究

发布时间：2019-01-24 17:23

【摘要】： 职业决策困难是个体在职业选择过程中所面临的各种难题,导致决策者没有能力做出一个特定的决策或做出决策不满意。几十年来,职业决策困难一直是职业心理学家和咨询工作者非常重视的研究主题。大学生正处于职业选择和职业定向的初步阶段,是个体职业生涯发展的一个关键时期,由于缺少各种职业经验,很容易产生各种决策困难。在目前就业压力不断加大的情况下,对大学生职业决策困难的研究有利于职业理论与实践的发展。本研究从理论与实践两个方面对职业决策困难进行了探讨。理论部分是在基于国内外有关职业决策困难研究现状基础上,通过运用访谈法、问卷调查法等方法,对我国大学生职业决策困难结构进行了研究。首先编制了大学生职业决策困难问卷,初步构建了大学生职业决策困难理论模型。其次,在自编的大学生职业决策困难问卷基础上,对大学生进行测试,甄选出有职业决策困难的大学生,用团体辅导的方式对大学生的职业决策困难进行干预,为大学生的职业指导与咨询提供一套可以借鉴的方案。本研究的结果表明: (1)我国大学生的职业决策困难是一个多维的结构,包括认知部分和职业性向部分。认知部分包括自我认知、职业认知和职业规划,职业性向部分包括职业选择焦虑、职业能力、职业性格、职业动机。 (2)自编大学生职业决策困难问卷具有良好的信度和效度,其各项指标均符合心理测量理论的要求。 (3)实验组与对照组在大学生职业决策困难问卷上的7个维度上的差异均达到显著水平,成员对团体辅导效果质的评估较好,这说明团体辅导是一种有效的干预大学生职业决策困难的方式。 (4)自编大学生职业决策困难问卷可以作为团体辅导中甄选成员、定位困难领域、评估干预效果的有效工具。 (5)研究中设计的团体辅导方案是一套可行的大学生职业决策困难辅导工作实施方案,从理论和实践方法上为大学生职业指导工作提供一定的借鉴。
[Abstract]:Career decision difficulty is a variety of difficult problems that individuals face in the process of career choice, which leads to the decision makers' inability to make a specific decision or to make a decision dissatisfactory. For decades, career decision-making difficulties have been the subject of great attention by occupational psychologists and counsellors. College students are in the initial stage of career choice and career orientation, which is a key period of individual career development. Due to the lack of various professional experience, it is easy to produce a variety of decision-making difficulties. Under the situation of increasing employment pressure, the research on the difficulty of college students' career decision making is beneficial to the development of vocational theory and practice. This study discusses the difficulties of career decision-making from two aspects: theory and practice. The theoretical part is based on the domestic and foreign research on the status quo of career decision-making difficulties, through the use of interview method, questionnaire method and other methods to study the structure of career decision-making difficulties of college students in China. Firstly, the questionnaire of college students' career decision-making difficulties is compiled, and the theoretical model of college students' career decision-making difficulties is preliminarily constructed. Secondly, on the basis of the self-designed questionnaire of college students' career decision making difficulties, this paper tests the college students, selects out the students with career decision-making difficulties, and interferes with the career decision-making difficulties of college students by the way of group tutoring. To provide a set of reference for the career guidance and counseling of college students. The results of this study show that: (1) career decision-making difficulties of college students in China are a multidimensional structure, including cognitive part and occupational orientation part. The cognitive part includes self-cognition, career cognition and career planning, while the occupational orientation part includes career choice anxiety, professional ability, professional character and career motivation. (2) the self-designed questionnaire has good reliability and validity, and all of its indexes meet the requirements of psychological measurement theory. (3) there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in the seven dimensions of college students' career decision making difficulties questionnaire. This shows that group counseling is an effective way to interfere with college students' career decision-making difficulties. (4) the self-designed questionnaire can be used as an effective tool to select members, locate difficult areas and evaluate the effect of intervention in group counseling. (5) the group counseling program designed in the study is a feasible implementation plan for college students' career decision-making difficulties, which can be used as a reference for college students' career guidance in theory and practice.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：G647.38

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