美国医学院通识教育及其启示

发布时间：2019-02-25 07:43

【摘要】：对通识教育的研究是当前我国高等教育改革最受关注的主题之一，对于培养未来的医学人才，通识教育也有着非同寻常的意义。随着传染病在人类死亡病例里的降低，以心血管、恶性肿瘤等为代表的慢性非传染性疾病成为人类健康的主要杀手。这种慢性病成为现代医学的主要研究研究对象后，医学模式也从以前的生物医学模式转变为生物心理社会模式，对医生也提出了完全不一样的要求。医生必须要有宽厚的知识面，必须有对人的心理、情感的全面了解和认识，才能胜任岗位,这就要求医学院校的学生必须接受良好的通识教育，具备良好的人文素养。而与此同时，我们的医学院校在强调专业技术教育的过程中，恰恰忽略了通识教育，，由于通识教育的缺失所造成的问题越来越严重，医患关系紧张，医生收回扣、医生开大处方、病人杀害医生等事件屡屡见诸报端。2013年还发生了复旦大学医学院黄洋同学被同寝室同学杀害的事件。这些事件固然有很多原因，但通识教育的缺失造成学生人文素养偏低不能不说是一个重要因素。所以我们的医学院校在教育中必须重视通识教育，提高学生的人文素养，让学生热爱生命，尊重生命。怎样在课堂上教才能让我们的通识课真正提高大学生的综合素质，提高他们的人文素养，怎样才能构建医学院校通识课程体系，从而打通医学和人文之间的鸿沟，为高等教育注入新鲜的血液，这些课题应该是医学教改研究中的重点，作为医学院校的通识教育的教师，我们应该也必须去思考这些问题。它山之石，可以攻玉。美国是世界上最发达的国家，也是通识教育开展较好的国家，美国的医学教育也非常发达，本文以美国哈佛大学医学院、纽约大学医学院、密歇根大学医学院为例，详细的介绍了这三所医学院校通识教育的开展情况，重点从课程设置、教学方法、教学理念等方面做了详细的阐述，总结了美国医学通识教育课程的特点、优势。对于国内的医学院校，以福建医科大学、沧州医学高等专科学校为例对我国医学院校通识教育的开展情况作了介绍，同时对中美医学通识教育做了对比，从而看清了自身的差距，明确自身努力的方向。最后提出了美国大学医学院通识教育对我国的启示，提出了具体的有针对性的建议。本研究共分为四部分：第一部分:阐述了选题的原因和选题的意义,同时对国外和国内医学院校通识教育相关研究文献进行梳理，提出了本研究的研究思路和方法。第二部分：美国医学院校通识教育的实践。分别以哈佛大学医学院、纽约大学医学院、密歇根大学医学院为例介绍美国医学通识教育的开展情况，并总结美国的医学教育中的通识课程的特点。第三部分：我国高等医学院校通识教育之现状。以福建医科大学和沧州医学高等专科学校为例对我国的医学院校通识教育的开展情况做了阐述。并分别从课程设置、教学内容、教学方式与考核、师资队伍建设、教育体制等五个方面进行了中美对比，最后分析了造成我国医学院校通识教育困境的原因。第四部分：美国大学医学院通识教育启示。针对我国医学院校通识教育存在的问题，吸收美国的经验，从宏观和微观上对我国医学院校的通识教育提出了针对性的建议。
[Abstract]:The study of general education is one of the most important subjects in the reform of higher education in our country. With the decrease of infectious diseases in the case of human death, chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular and malignant tumors, have become the main cause of human health When this chronic disease becomes the main research object of modern medicine, the medical mode also changes from the previous biomedical model to the mode of biological psycho-social mode, and it is completely different to the doctor. The doctor must have a wide range of knowledge, and must have a thorough understanding and understanding of the psychology and the emotion of the person to be qualified for the post, which requires that the students in medical colleges and medical colleges must be well-informed and have good humanity. At the same time, at the same time, at the same time, at the same time, in the course of emphasizing the professional technical education, the medical colleges and universities ignore the general education, because the problems caused by the lack of the general education are getting more and more serious, the doctor-patient relationship is tense, the doctor receives the kickback, the doctor opens the big office The killing of the doctor and other events has been reported repeatedly in 2013. In 2013, the students of the school of Fudan University, Huang Yang, were killed by the classmates of the same dormitory. There are many reasons for these events, but the lack of general education leads to the low humanistic quality of the students, but it is an important reason So our medical college must pay more attention to the education in education, improve the students' humanistic quality, and let the students love life and respect the students. How to teach in class can we really improve the comprehensive quality of the college students, improve their humanistic quality, and how to construct the general curriculum system of medical college so as to get through the gap between medicine and humanity, and inject fresh into higher education The blood, these subjects should be the focus of the study of the medical reform, as the teacher of the general education in medical colleges, we should also think about it Some problems. It's a mountain stone. The United States is the most developed country in the world, and it is also a well-known country in the world. The medical education in the United States is also very developed. This article is based on the Harvard Medical College of the United States, the New York University School of Medicine, the University of Michigan The medical school is an example, and the development of the medical education in the three medical colleges is described in detail. The focus is on the course setting, the teaching method, the teaching idea and so on. The characteristics and advantages of the medical college in China are introduced in the medical college of Fujian and the medical college of Cangzhou Medical College. In the end, we put forward the enlightenment of the medical education to our country, and put forward the specific needle. A proposal for sex. The present study The research is divided into four parts: the first part: the reason of the topic and the meaning of the topic, and the relevant research literature of the medical education in the foreign countries and the medical colleges and universities, and puts forward the present research. The research ideas and methods of the study. Part two: the United States The practice of medical education in medical colleges and universities is introduced in the medical school of the Harvard University, the New York University School of Medicine and the University of Michigan Medical College. The features of the general course in education. Part three: China The present situation of medical education in medical colleges and universities. The medical colleges and universities in China are based on the cases of Fujian Medical University and Cangzhou Medical College. This article has made a description of the development of the general education, and made a comparison between the course setting, the teaching content, the teaching method and the assessment, the construction of the teaching staff, the education system and so on, and finally analyzed the cause of the country. The causes of the plight of the medical education in medical colleges and universities. Part 4 In view of the problems existing in the education of medical colleges and universities in our country, we have absorbed the experience of the United States, and from the macroscopic and the microscopic aspects to the medical school of our country
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G642.0

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