蔡元培德育思想对当代高校德育的启示研究

发布时间：2019-02-25 07:53

【摘要】：蔡元培是中国近代历史上伟大的民主革命家、思想家、教育家,其教育思想是一座价值极其丰富的文化遗产宝库。北京大学校长继任者蒋梦麟先生认为他“大德垂后世,中国一完人”。在近代中国内外交困,民不聊生的情形之下,蔡元培能积极的学习西方先进的思想,努力发掘中国传统文化中优秀的部分,提出“融贯中西,兼容并包”的思想,对中国思想品德教育的探索和实践具有重要的推动作用,对整个民族的思想重塑具有积极的借鉴。正如蔡元培的学生傅斯年所说：“蔡元培先生实在代表两种伟大文化：一曰：中国传统圣贤之修养；一曰：西欧自由博爱之理想。此两种文化,具其一难,兼备尤不可觏。”蔡元培以其在近代中国的特殊地位,成为众多学者关注和研究的对象。早在上世纪80年代,金林祥教授就同著名学者、蔡元培研究专家高平叔先生一起,开始致力于蔡元培研究。然而,学术界对于蔡元培德育思想的研究,目前仍主要侧重于其德育思想本身。鉴于上述情况,本文选取蔡元培德育思想及其现实意义这一视角,就其形成背景、理论探索进行宏观探讨,并结合蔡元培德育思想对今天高校德育建设的现实意义方面进行阐述,力图对其做出客观公正的评价。本文以马克思主义原理和思想政治教育原理为指导,首先全面系统地研究了其德育理论形成的时代背景和主观条件,任何思想理论的产生都具有其相对应的时代性,深受其时代的政治、经济、文化的影响,蔡元培关于德育思想的形成也不例外,当然我们也不能忽视这种思想的形成离不开蔡元培自身努力的探索,也离不开蔡元培对民族传统德育思想的继承和发扬；其次深入地论述了其德育思想的内容体系和基本特征,主要包括德育的地位、德育的目标、德育的内容、德育的原则及德育的方法。最后,依据思想政治教育继承优秀传统文化与改进创新相结合的基本原则,分析当前高校大学生德育现状,尊重大学生主观能动性的发挥,对德育如何能有效开展,对德育的方法和途径进行深入的探索。因此,本文试图以全方位的视角来还原蔡元培德育思想的本质内涵,认真研究分析其德育思想中的所反映出来的基本特征,通过与高校德育所存在的问题相对比,把蔡元培的德育的精华之所在运用与当今对大学生的德育体系之中,为我国培养高素质人才奠定坚实基础。
[Abstract]:Cai Yuanpei is a great democratic revolutionary, thinker and educator in the modern history of China. Mr. Jiang Menglin, the successor of the President of Peking University, described him as "a perfect man in China". Under the circumstances of the difficulties in modern China's internal and foreign affairs and the people's desperation, Cai Yuanpei can actively study the advanced ideas of the West, strive to discover the outstanding parts of Chinese traditional culture, and put forward the idea of "integrating the Chinese and the Western, including both." It plays an important role in the exploration and practice of Chinese ideological and moral education. As Cai Yuanpei's student Fu Sinian said: "Mr. Cai Yuanpei really represents two great cultures: the cultivation of the Chinese traditional saints and the ideals of freedom and fraternity in Western Europe." These two kinds of culture, have one difficult, both have especially cannot Gou. Cai Yuanpei, with his special status in modern China, has become the object of attention and research by many scholars. As early as the 1980's, Professor Jin Linxiang began to devote himself to the research of Cai Yuanpei together with the famous scholar and Cai Yuanpei research expert, Uncle Gao Ping. However, the academic research on Cai Yuanpei's moral education thought is still focused on its moral education thought itself. In view of the above situation, this article selects Cai Yuanpei's moral education thought and its realistic significance angle of view, carries on the macroscopic discussion to its formation background, the theory exploration, Combined with Cai Yuanpei's moral education thought, this paper expounds the realistic significance of moral education construction in colleges and universities today, and tries to make an objective and fair evaluation of it. Guided by the principles of Marxism and ideological and political education, this paper studies the background and subjective conditions of the formation of moral education theory in a comprehensive and systematic way. Deeply influenced by the politics, economy and culture of his time, Cai Yuanpei's thought on moral education is no exception. Of course, we cannot ignore that the formation of this kind of thought can not be ignored without the exploration of Cai Yuanpei's own efforts. It is also inseparable from Cai Yuanpei's inheritance and development of the national traditional moral education thought. Secondly, it discusses the content system and basic characteristics of his moral education thought, including the status of moral education, the goal of moral education, the content of moral education, the principle of moral education and the method of moral education. Finally, according to the basic principle that ideological and political education inherits excellent traditional culture and combines improvement and innovation, this paper analyzes the present situation of college students' moral education, respects the students' subjective initiative, and how to carry out moral education effectively. The ways and means of moral education are deeply explored. Therefore, this paper attempts to restore the essential connotation of Cai Yuanpei's moral education thought from an all-round perspective, and carefully studies and analyzes the basic characteristics reflected in his moral education thought, and compares it with the problems existing in moral education in colleges and universities. Applying the essence of Cai Yuanpei's moral education to the present moral education system for college students will lay a solid foundation for the cultivation of high quality talents in our country.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G641

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