高校创业教育现状分析及对策研究

发布时间：2019-03-26 21:18

【摘要】：当今的时代是不可复制的“创业时代”。“创业”一词,成为百度、谷歌、雅虎等网站最吸引眼球的热门搜索词汇,在全世界范围内受到持续关注。在当前全球经济一体化和经济危机频发的的背景下,创业活动对世界各国的经济发展起着极大的推动作用,更能积极有效的解决令各国政府头疼的就业、失业等问题。在这样的形势下,开展创业教育成为一种势在必行的趋势。创业教育的广泛开展,既是时代提出的要求,也是社会发展的必然趋势。创业教育是一种培养受教育者创业能力和创业精神的教育过程,它是在时代发展、社会进步的前提下产生的一种新的教育理念和教育模式。世界各国对创业教育都高度重视,尤其在国外发展的较为迅速,如美国、英国、德国、日本等国家都在国内大力发展创业教育。美国早在二十世纪40年代就开始了创业教育的萌芽,是世界上最早开始创业教育的国家,经过六十余年的发展,现在在全社会范围内形成了一种全民创业的创业氛围,并且具备了非常成熟的创业教育模式,在各高校都形成了独立的学科和专业,课程设置达到了2000多门,其教育范围更是覆盖了全体学生。尤其值得一提的是,美国高校拥有一支实战经验丰富、理论水平过硬,素质较高的专业化师资力量,为高校创业教育的发展和推进增添了动力。这些都是值得我国借鉴的。我国的创业教育起步较晚,十二世纪90年末才开始萌芽,且发展较为滞缓,一方面表现是对创业教育的理论研究不够深入、透彻,一方面表现在对创业教育的实践探索较少,虽然自1999年自清华“挑战杯”创业计划大赛以来,各高校每年都会举办类似的创业大赛、创业征文等活动,但是大多都是流于表面,对创业教育没有得到实质的贯彻和落实。近几年在时代对创业强烈呼声下,在党和政府的大力支持下,我国的高校创业教育虽然得到了快速发展,但是整体来看仍然存在诸多问题,值得我们去深入研究和探析。本文首先从创业教育概念界定、结构体系和实施必要性三个方面对创业教育进行了概述；其次,分析了高校创业教育的现状,主要以美国和我国发展概况进行了比照,在借鉴美国创业教育的特点和启示的基础上,找出了我国高校创业教育主要存在的几个问题。接着,从传统的教育模式、高校对创业教育的重视程度和传统的教育观念三个方面分析了我国高校创业教育问题存在的原因；最后,从建设专业化师资、营造良好的创业环境、建立有效的保障机制等五个方面阐述了我国高校创业教育的实施对策。
[Abstract]:Today's era is an "era of entrepreneurship" that cannot be replicated. "Entrepreneurship", the most popular search term for Baidu, Google, Yahoo and other sites, has received sustained attention around the world. Under the background of global economic integration and frequent economic crisis, entrepreneurial activities play a great role in promoting the economic development of various countries in the world, and can actively and effectively solve the problems of employment, unemployment and so on, which make the governments of various countries have a headache. In such a situation, the development of entrepreneurship education has become an imperative trend. The extensive development of entrepreneurship education is not only the requirement of the times, but also the inevitable trend of social development. Entrepreneurship education is an educational process to cultivate the educatees' entrepreneurial ability and spirit. It is a new educational idea and mode under the premise of the development of the times and the progress of the society. Countries all over the world attach great importance to entrepreneurship education, especially in foreign countries, such as the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan and other countries to develop entrepreneurship education in China. As early as the 1940s, the United States began the germination of entrepreneurship education, and was the first country in the world to start business education. After more than 60 years of development, the United States has now formed a kind of entrepreneurial atmosphere for the whole society as a whole. And has a very mature mode of entrepreneurship education, in all colleges and universities have formed independent disciplines and majors, the curriculum has reached more than 2000, the scope of its education covers all the students. It is worth mentioning that American colleges and universities have rich practical experience, excellent theoretical level and high quality of specialized teachers, which has added impetus to the development and promotion of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities. These are worthy of our reference. China's entrepreneurship education started relatively late, began to sprout at the end of the twelfth century, and the development is relatively slow, on the one hand, the theoretical research on entrepreneurship education is not deep enough, thorough, on the one hand, the practice of entrepreneurship education is less explored. Since 1999, since the Tsinghua Challenge Cup Entrepreneurship Plan Competition, colleges and universities have held similar activities such as entrepreneurial competition, entrepreneurial solicitation and so on, but most of them are superficial, and the entrepreneurial education has not been materially implemented and implemented. In recent years, under the strong call of the times and the support of the Party and the government, the entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in our country has been developed rapidly, but there are still many problems in the whole, which are worthy of our in-depth study and analysis. Firstly, this paper summarizes entrepreneurship education from three aspects: the definition of entrepreneurship education, the structure system and the necessity of implementation. Secondly, this paper analyzes the current situation of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, and compares the development situation between the United States and China. On the basis of drawing lessons from the characteristics and enlightenment of entrepreneurship education in the United States, this paper finds out the main problems existing in entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in China. Then, from the traditional education model, the degree of attention to entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities and the traditional concept of education, this paper analyzes the causes of the problems of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in China. Finally, from the five aspects of constructing professional teachers, building a good entrepreneurial environment and establishing an effective guarantee mechanism, this paper expounds the countermeasures for the implementation of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

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