高等学校科技创新能力评价研究

发布时间：2019-04-16 12:47

【摘要】：在经济全球化的背景下,科技创新能力已成为国家经济发展的主导因素,并逐渐成为决定国家前途和命运的主要因素之一。只有提高自主创新能力,才能在国际科技竞争中占据战略制高点。国家科技创新体系是支撑国家创新能力建设的基本力量,而高校又是国家科技创新体系的主体之一。因此,通过对高校进行科技创新能力和效率进行评价,一方面,可以促进高校创新能力的提高,为国家经济发展服务；另一方面,也可以有效地把握高校科技创新活动本质与规律,持续推动高校科技创新能力的发展。所以,必须完善高校科技创新能力评价指标体系,加强高校科技创新能力和效率的评价研究。论文主要开展了以下几个方面的研究工作： (1)本文对高校科技创新能力研究的国内外现状进行了综述,并分析了高校科技创新能力评价的目的与意义。在明确了创新理论的基础上,分析了高校科技创新能力的内涵、评价的必要性和设计原则,客观地设计了高校科技创新能力评价指标体系。 (2)本文对现行常用的高校科技创新能力评价方法进行了综述,并简要分析了各种方法的特点及评价的局限性,为本文的高校科技创新能力评价模型的建立打下了基础。 (3)本文用因子分析法对2009年教育部直属高校科技创新能力进行了评价。本文充分利用了因子分析方法的优点,对众多指标进行精减,提取了主因子,并得出高校科技创新能力评价的综合得分。然后,将其综合得分和所提取的主因子作为高校科技创新能力评价模型的样本进行评价工作。 (4)本文建立了基于ε-支持向量回归机的高校科技创新能力评价模型。该模型是通过定义适当的核函数来实现非线性回归的问题。本文将选取的主因子和2009年教育部直属高校科技创新能力的综合得分作为ε-支持向量回归机模型的训练样本,并对该评价模型进行了训练。应用结果表明,训练好的ε-支持向量回归机评价模型的预测精度较高,泛化能力较强,可以满足实际应用的评价需要,具有较好的应用价值。 (5)本文提出了基于因子分析法和支持向量回归机的高校科技创新能力评价模型。通过对样本数据的训练,完成了评价模型的构建,然后用该模型对2010年教育部直属高校科技创新能力进行评价。由此得出,该模型非常适用于非线性复杂的高校科技创新能力评价问题。 (6)本文提出了高校科技创新的动态效率测度方法。该方法是Malmquist指数与数据包络分析的结合,获得对高校科技创新效率的动态测度,并通过Malmquist指数分解获得高校科研的经济效率和技术效率,找出生产力变化的原因,促进高校科学研究的可持续发展。通过对教育部直属高校的实证分析,证明了该方法的有效性和适用性。
[Abstract]:Under the background of economic globalization, the ability of scientific and technological innovation has become the leading factor of national economic development, and has gradually become one of the main factors that determine the future and destiny of the country. Only by improving the ability of independent innovation, can we occupy the strategic commanding point in the international scientific and technological competition. The national science and technology innovation system is the basic strength to support the national innovation ability construction, and the university is one of the main bodies of the national science and technology innovation system. Therefore, through the evaluation of the scientific and technological innovation ability and efficiency of colleges and universities, on the one hand, it can promote the improvement of innovation ability of colleges and universities, and serve the national economic development. On the other hand, it can also effectively grasp the nature and law of scientific and technological innovation activities in colleges and universities, and promote the development of scientific and technological innovation ability in colleges and universities. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the evaluation index system of the scientific and technological innovation ability of colleges and universities, and to strengthen the evaluation research of the ability and efficiency of scientific and technological innovation. This paper mainly carried out the following research work: (1) this paper summarizes the current situation of the research on the scientific and technological innovation ability of colleges and universities at home and abroad, and analyzes the purpose and significance of the evaluation of the scientific and technological innovation ability of colleges and universities. On the basis of defining the innovation theory, this paper analyzes the connotation, necessity and design principle of the scientific and technological innovation ability of colleges and universities, and designs objectively the evaluation index system of the scientific and technological innovation ability of colleges and universities. (2) this paper summarizes the current evaluation methods of scientific and technological innovation ability in colleges and universities, and briefly analyzes the characteristics and limitations of various methods, which lays a foundation for the establishment of the evaluation model of the scientific and technological innovation ability of colleges and universities in this paper. (3) this paper evaluates the innovation ability of science and technology in colleges and universities directly under the Ministry of Education in 2009 by means of factor analysis. This paper makes full use of the advantages of factor analysis method, reduces many indexes, extracts the main factors, and obtains the comprehensive score of the evaluation of the innovation ability of science and technology in colleges and universities. Then, the comprehensive score and the extracted main factors are taken as the samples of the evaluation model of the scientific and technological innovation ability of colleges and universities. (4) based on 蔚-support vector regression, the evaluation model of scientific and technological innovation ability in colleges and universities is established in this paper. The model is a nonlinear regression problem by defining a proper kernel function. In this paper, the main factor and the comprehensive score of science and technology innovation ability of colleges and universities directly under the Ministry of Education in 2009 are selected as training samples of 蔚-support vector regression model, and the evaluation model is trained. The application results show that the trained 蔚-support vector regression model has higher prediction accuracy and better generalization ability, which can meet the evaluation needs of practical application and has better application value. (5) based on factor analysis and support vector regression (SVR), this paper puts forward an evaluation model of sci-tech innovation ability in colleges and universities. Through the training of sample data, the evaluation model is constructed and used to evaluate the scientific and technological innovation ability of colleges and universities directly under the Ministry of Education in 2010. It is concluded that the model is very suitable for the nonlinear and complex evaluation of the scientific and technological innovation ability of colleges and universities. (6) in this paper, the dynamic efficiency measurement method of scientific and technological innovation in colleges and universities is put forward. This method is a combination of Malmquist index and data envelopment analysis to obtain a dynamic measure of the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in colleges and universities, and to obtain the economic efficiency and technical efficiency of scientific research in colleges and universities through the decomposition of Malmquist index, and to find out the reasons for the change of productivity. To promote the sustainable development of scientific research in colleges and universities. Through the empirical analysis of colleges and universities directly under the Ministry of Education, the validity and applicability of this method are proved.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G644

【引证文献】