我国普通本科院校高效课堂探议

发布时间：2019-04-27 20:23

【摘要】：课堂教学是提升人才培养质量的主环节，是提高教学质量的主渠道，是落实先进教育理念、实现教学改革的基本路径。然而，面对现实，我们必须坦率地承认，时下课堂教学还较为严重地存在着“低效”、“弱效”甚至“负效”问题，这直接影响着人才培养质量。在以提高教育质量为高等教育改革与发展主题的今天，如何构建“高效”课堂，提高课堂教学效率、效果，自然成为每一位高等教育工作者的必然追求。“高效课堂”是一种现代教学理念和策略，对我国普通本科院校高效课堂的研究既是一项重大的理论课题，又是一个重要的现实问题。本着从教学实际问题入手的针对性原则，以解决教育实践问题为主的实效性原则和以师生有效参与为内容的合作性原则，本研究关注教育教学的每个细节，注重教师综合素养和课堂教学水平的提升，突显学生的主体性与能动性，改革课堂教学实践，以实现课堂效果与教学质量的双效提高，捍卫大学作为社会思想源、信息链、人力资源库的坚实地位。笔者在展开大学课堂教学现状调查的基础上，广泛搜集课堂教学的相关调查研究资料，，深入分析了现代课堂教学存在的主要问题，力图探求改善大学课堂教学状况、提高课堂教学效率的策略，并初步构成了高效课堂的实践样态。本研究分六部分，具体安排如下：绪论部分讨论了本研究的缘起，阐明了本研究选题的动因与意义，介绍了国内外相关研究的现状及趋势，提出了本研究的计划安排。第一部分确立了高效课堂的理论依据，阐释了教学过程最优化理论与建构主义理论对高效课堂构建的启示。第二部分界定了我国普通本科院校高效课堂基本概念，揭示了高效课堂的内涵。第三部分是对我国普通本科院校课堂教学“低效”问题检视。本部分通过课堂观察、问卷调查与访谈，对课堂教学中存在的问题及原因进行了剖析。第四部分是中美课堂教学比较研究。解析了美国课堂教学的整体状况、典型模式以及对我国课堂教学改革的启示，并通过名师工程揭示了我国课堂教学改革的趋势。第五部分提出了我国普通本科院校高效课堂的构建模型。本研究以制度建设为纲，认为教师的高效教学是实现课堂教学高效的前提，学生的高效学习是高效课堂得以实现的关键。
[Abstract]:Classroom teaching is the main link to improve the quality of talent training, the main channel to improve the teaching quality, and the basic way to implement the advanced educational concept and realize the teaching reform. However, facing the reality, we must admit frankly that the problems of "low efficiency", "weak efficiency" and even "negative effect" still exist in classroom teaching at present, which directly affects the quality of talent training. Today, with improving the quality of education as the theme of reform and development of higher education, how to construct an "efficient" classroom and improve the efficiency and effect of classroom teaching has naturally become the inevitable pursuit of every higher education worker. "efficient classroom" is a kind of modern teaching idea and strategy, and it is not only an important theoretical subject but also an important practical problem to study the efficient classroom in ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities in our country. In the light of the principle of pertinence starting from the practical problems of teaching, the principle of effectiveness as the main solution to the problems of educational practice and the cooperative principle of effective participation of teachers and students, this study pays attention to every detail of education and teaching. Pay attention to the improvement of teachers' comprehensive accomplishment and classroom teaching level, highlight the students' subjectivity and initiative, reform the classroom teaching practice, in order to realize the double-effect improvement of the classroom effect and teaching quality, defend the university as the social thought source, the information chain, The firm position of the human resource bank. On the basis of the investigation of the present situation of college classroom teaching, the author collects the relevant investigation and research data of classroom teaching extensively, analyzes the main problems existing in modern classroom teaching, and tries to seek to improve the situation of college classroom teaching. Strategies to improve the efficiency of classroom teaching, and a preliminary form of effective classroom practice. This study is divided into six parts, which are as follows: the introduction discusses the origin of the study, clarifies the motivation and significance of the topic selection, introduces the current situation and trend of relevant research at home and abroad, and puts forward the plan and arrangement of this study. The first part establishes the theoretical basis of the efficient classroom and explains the enlightenment of the optimization theory of the teaching process and constructivism theory to the construction of the high-efficient classroom. The second part defines the basic concept of efficient classroom in ordinary colleges and universities in China, and reveals the connotation of efficient classroom. The third part is to examine the problem of "low efficiency" of classroom teaching in ordinary colleges and universities of our country. Through classroom observation, questionnaire survey and interview, this part analyzes the problems and reasons in classroom teaching. The fourth part is a comparative study of classroom teaching between China and the United States. This paper analyzes the overall situation of classroom teaching in the United States, the typical mode and the enlightenment to the reform of classroom teaching in China, and reveals the trend of the reform of classroom teaching in China through the project of famous teachers. The fifth part puts forward the construction model of efficient classroom in ordinary colleges and universities of our country. This research takes the system construction as the outline, thinks that the teacher's effective teaching is the premise that realizes the classroom teaching highly efficient, the student's effective study is the key to the realization of the high efficiency classroom.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G642

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