我国学校德育从物化到人本化的转向研究

发布时间：2019-07-04 15:12

【摘要】：2003年10月，胡锦涛总书记在中国共产党十六届三中全会《中共中央关于完善社会主义市场经济若干问题的决定》中，提出了坚持以人为本，树立全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观。这就是把以人为本作为科学发展观的核心，将以人为本提升到了全社会指导思想的战略高度。人本的问题成为了当今理论界与现实生活中的热点问题。道德教育是教育工作中的重中之重，而学校是进行道德教育的主阵地，由于传统德育中陈旧观念的不良影响、社会现实发展的影响以及学校德育工作中的不足，造成了我国学校德育出现了“非人化”即“物化”的现象，本文就是立足于“以人为本”的时代精神，，通过对我国学校物化德育现象和危害的分析，对当前学校物化德育进行分析和批判，探索德育从物化到人本化转向的理论依据和现实契机，进而呼吁人本德育的教育理念和教育方式，提出实现这种转向的具体途径。本文的正文共分为五个部分：第一部分为引言。开篇论述了问题的提出及选题的理论意义和现实意义，国内外研究现状，研究思路与方法以及研究重点、难点和创新点。第二部分阐述物化德育与人本化德育的内涵和特点。物化德育中教育者所传授的是脱离了人性的既定的、空洞的道德规范，在德育的实施中不是以受教育者为主体，而且与人性所特有的过程和规律背道而驰。物化德育的特点为：在德育目标方面，坚持功利化的价值取向；在德育功能方面，注重德育的社会性功能；在德育内容方面，脱离学生的生活与需要；在德育的过程方面，以灌输为主要方法；在德育评价方面，评价主体和评价内容单一。人本化德育，简而言之就是以人为本的德育，即以现实的人为出发点，在德育过程中发挥人的主体性、发扬人文关怀，把人的全面发展作为最终目的。人本化德育的特点为：从现实的人出发；以促进人的全面发展为德育目标；把以人为本作为贯穿德育始终的理念。第三部分论述了我国学校德育中的物化现象及其危害。我国学校德育中的物化现象具体表现为以社会本位为主的德育目标体系，忽视个体价值的实现；忽视情感认同，以既定的道德规范为德育内容；轻视受教育者主体性，以灌输为主要德育方法；偏重理论脱离实践，以道德认知为德育评价内容。物化德育不利于受教育者的全面发展、不利于德育实效性的发挥、不利于科学发展观“以人为本”理念的贯彻落实。第四部分研究了我国学校德育从物化到人本化转向的理论依据和现实契机。首先，从哲学、心理学、伦理学和教育学多角度地阐述了其理论依据。其次，从符合受教育者全面发展的需要、是改革当前德育现状的诉求、是市场经济健康发展的呼唤、顺应科学发展观“以人为本”的要求这四个方面分析了其现实契机。第五部分探讨了我国学校德育从物化转向人本化的具体实施途径。实现德育从物化到人本化的转向必须从学校内部德育方式的改革和社会环境的优化这两方面入手。首先：以人为出发点研究道德本质，以学生的德性为归宿；实现德育生活化，以实践道德生活为目标；多角度的认识教育对象，以学生的精神需要为动力；加强教育者的人文关怀，以构建和谐的师生关系为基本途径；完善德育评价方式，以发展性德育评价为宗旨。其次：优化社会政治、经济和文化环境，提供高效的育人平台；优化社区环境，营造和谐稳定的育人氛围；优化家庭环境，寻求有利的育人支持；加强大众传媒的监督管理，建设文明的育人环境。最后，在结语部分总结了本文的核心论点，说明了本文研究工作的不足之处，提出了对于未来研究工作的建议。
[Abstract]:In October 2003, General Secretary of Hu Jintao, in the Third Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) on the improvement of a number of issues of the socialist market economy, put forward the scientific development view, which is based on the people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development. This is to take the people-oriented as the core of the scientific development view, and raise the people-oriented to the strategic height of the guiding ideology of the whole society. The human-oriented problem has become a hot issue in the theory and real life of the present day. The moral education is the most important in the work of education, and the school is the main position for moral education, because of the bad influence of the traditional moral education, the influence of the social reality and the deficiency in the work of school moral education, The article is based on the time spirit of "people-oriented", through the analysis of the phenomenon and the harm of the physical and chemical moral education in our country, and analyzes and criticizes the current school physical and chemical moral education. This paper probes into the theoretical basis and the realistic opportunity of the turning of moral education from the materialization to the transformation, and then appeals to the education idea and the education way of the human-based moral education, and puts forward the concrete way to realize this kind of steering. The text of this paper is divided into five parts. Sub-section: Part I In this paper, the paper discusses the question and the theoretical and practical significance of the question, the present situation of the research, the research thoughts and methods, the research focus, the difficulty and the research. The second part expounds the physical and chemical moral education and the moral education. The content and characteristic of the education in the physical and chemical moral education is the established and empty moral standard which is divorced from the human nature. In the implementation of the moral education, it is not the subject of the educatee, but also the process and the rules peculiar to the human nature. The characteristics of the physical and chemical moral education are: to adhere to the value orientation of the utilitarianism in the aspect of moral education; to pay attention to the social function of moral education in the aspects of moral education; to break away from the life and needs of the students in the content of moral education; and to indoctrinate in the process of moral education. in that context of the evaluation of moral education, the evaluation of the subject and evaluation The content of the price is single. The moral education, in short, is the people-oriented moral education. For the end purpose, the characteristics of the moral education are: starting from the realistic people; promoting the overall development of the human being as the goal of the moral education; and taking the people-oriented as the through moral education The third part discusses the article in the school moral education of our country The phenomenon of materialization and its harm in school moral education in our country are manifested as the goal system of moral education based on the social standard, the realization of ignoring the individual value, the neglect of the emotional identity, the established moral standard as the content of the moral education, the neglect of the subject of the educatees, and the indoctrination. It is the main method of moral education; the theory of deviation is applied to the practice of moral education, and the moral cognition To evaluate the content of moral education, the physical and chemical moral education is not conducive to the comprehensive development of the educatees, which is not conducive to the actual effect of the moral education, and is not conducive to the "people-oriented" of scientific development The fourth part of the study of the school moral education in our country from the materialization to the Theoretical basis and realistic opportunity. First, from the perspective of philosophy, psychology, ethics and pedagogy On the basis of the need of the comprehensive development of the educated, it is the demand of the current situation of the reform of the present moral education, which is the call for the healthy development of the market economy, and the four parties are in accordance with the "people-oriented" of the scientific development view The fifth part discusses the physical and physical transfer of school moral education in our country. The way to realize the transformation of moral education from the materialization to the transformation must be from the reform and the society of the mode of moral education in the school The first is to study the essence of the morality with the man-made starting point, to take the student's virtue as the destination, to realize the life of the moral education and to practice the moral life as the goal, to realize the education object of the multi-angle, and to take the students' spirit as the motive force Strengthen the humanistic care of the educators to build a harmonious relationship between the teacher and student as the basic way, and improve the way of moral education evaluation. The purpose of the evaluation of the developmental moral education is to optimize the social, political, economic and cultural environment, to provide an efficient education platform, to optimize the community environment, to create a harmonious and stable educational atmosphere, to optimize the family environment and to seek the beneficial education support, and to strengthen the supervision of the mass media. In the end, the core point of this paper is summarized in the epilogue, and the shortcomings of the research work in this paper are described.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G641

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