成人和谐教学论

发布时间：2018-01-21 02:55

本文关键词： 成人和谐教学　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2002年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 在教学活动中，和谐既是一种教学指导思想，又是一个动态的过程，也是教学所追求的最高境界。和谐教学是教师的“教”与学习者的“学”相统一的互动活动。在这个活动中，既包含教师“教”的活动，也包括学习者“学”的活动，二者辩证统一于和谐教学过程中。但在实际教学活动中，往往只强调教师单向施教，而忽视学习者作为学习主体的主动参与，导致教学陷于“无人”、支离破碎和片面化之中。教师因之变得厌教，学习者因之变得厌学，造成“教”与“学”的不和谐，难以达到最优的教学效果。在成人教学活动，特别在成人课堂教学活动中，导致教学收不到最佳效果的不和谐因素同样存在。如成人教学价值的背离、成人教学“普教化”、成人教学中“教”与“学”的疏离、成人教学中教学主体的倒错等等。这些不和谐因素的存在严重影响了成人教学质量的提高，阻碍了成人教育的发展。我们就尝试建构一种教学模式，减少甚至消除这些不和谐因素，使成人课堂教学中的“教”与“学”达到和谐统一。为了阐明成人和谐教学理论，有必要对若干相关的基本范畴加以梳理，它们就是：和谐、和谐教学、成人和谐教学。成人和谐教学是指在成人课堂教学中按照素质教育的要求，使“教”的节奏能接近、适应，协调成人学员“学”的内在节律，逐步使成人学员“学”的节律与成人教师“教”的节奏达到和谐共振，使成人课堂获得最大效益的一种教学模式。它与一般的普通课堂教学相比，具有针对性、互补性、整体性和审美性的特征。任何理论的形成与其他科学都有着密切的关系，都有其产生的理论基础和客观依据。成人和谐教学的产生，有其哲学基础，心理学基础。系统科学基础、社会学基础和管理学基础以及工效学基础等；成人教学的质量危机、成人教育的发展需求、成人教学的内在要求以及教学活动的基本要求等为其产生提供了客观依据．一个理论体系产生了，那么怎样建构它呢？成人和谐教学体系的建构主要包括三个部分：成人和谐教学体系的建构（一）—一和谐教学的命题、成人和谐教学体系的建构（二）—一和谐教学的策略、成．人和谐教学体系的建构（三）—一和梆学的境界．建构一个理论，就要对其基本命题以及价值加以分析阐释．成人和谐教学的基本命题有四个：咽教而教＼“困学而教＼“因教而学＼“因学而学＼“困教而教”的主体是教师，前提是对自身的了解；而“困学而教”的主体也是教师，前提是对学习者的了解；咽教而学” 的主体是学习者，前提是对教师的了解；而“因学而学”的主体是学习者，前提是对自身的了解．无论主体是教师还是学习者、前提是对教师的了解还是对学习者的了解，这四个命题都是从师生互动的驯上进行研究的．既调动了教师“教”的积极性，又发挥了学习者“学” 的主动性，使“教”与“学”达到和谐统一。“因教而教”与“因学而占教”作为一种“教”的理论，“困教而学”与“因学而学”作为一种“学” 的理论，在一定程度上弥补了我国教学理论的不足，对于指导成人教师的“教”和成人学页的“学”将会产生一定的参考价值．解析成人“困教而教”、咽学而教”、“因教而学”、咽学而学” 四个命题的内涵，阐释这四个命题的价值，最终落脚于咸人和谐教学策略。在成人教学活动中，如何建构成人“困教而教”、“因学而教”、咽教而学”、咽学而学”的策略，从而实现成人和谐教学是本论文的重中之重．实现成人和谐教学，就要有自觉培养“和谐教学”的意识，这是其必要前提；建立和谐的师生关系是其灵魂；正确处理“教” ．与“学”的辩证关系，是其基本要求；提高成人学员的元知能力是其关键；教学目标是学校一切教学活动的出发点和归宿，它指导和制约着学校的一切教学活动，困此成人和谐教学中要因目标而“教” “学＼最后，在成人和谐教学过程中，要根据“教＼“学”的情况采取相应的匹配或失配策略，这是实现成人和谐教学的有效途径． 2 ）成人和谐教学的境界主要有三个层面：即以“教”为支点，，发挥成人教师的主导作用，实现成人“因教而教”与“因学而教”的整合建构，从而达到成人和谐教学第一层面的境界—一和谐地教；以“学” 为支点，发挥成人学员的主体作用，实现成人“困教而学”与“困学而学”的整合建构，从而达到成人和谐教学第二层面的境界—一和谐 ”地?
[Abstract]:In the teaching activities, harmony is a kind of teaching guiding ideology, but also is a dynamic process, is also the highest realm pursued teaching. Teaching is the unity of the harmonious interaction of teachers "teaching" and "learning" learners. In this activity, both "teaching" activities. Including the learners "learning" activities, the two dialectical unity in harmony in the process of teaching. But in the actual teaching activities, often emphasize teaching, and neglect the learners as active participation in learning the subject, cause the teaching in "no", the fragmentation and one-sided. Because teachers become disgusted with teach, learners become disgusted with learning and the cause of "teaching" and "learning" is not harmonious, it is difficult to achieve the best teaching effect.
In the adult teaching activities, especially in the adult classroom teaching activities, leading to disharmony factors teaching does not receive the best effect also exists. From the teaching value such as adult, adult teaching of "general education" in adult teaching, "teaching" and "learning" the alienation of teaching subject in adult teaching perversion and so on. These disharmonious factors have seriously affected the quality of adult education is improved, hinders the development of adult education. We will try to establish a teaching mode, reduce or even eliminate these disharmonious factors, the adult in the classroom teaching of "teaching" and "learning" to achieve harmony and unity.
In order to clarify the theory of the adult harmony teaching, it is necessary to some basic concepts related to comb, which is: harmony, harmonious education, adult harmony teaching. Adult harmony teaching is in the adult classroom instruction according to the requirements of quality education, make the rhythm of "teaching" to adapt, coordination of adult students "intrinsic rhythm theory", gradually make the adult students "learning" rhythm and adult "teaching" rhythm to achieve harmony and resonance, make an adult classroom teaching mode. It is the biggest benefit compared with the ordinary classroom instruction, targeted, complementary, comprehensive features and aesthetic.
The formation of any theory and other sciences are closely related, has its theoretical foundation and objective basis. The adult harmony teaching, on the basis of philosophy, psychology foundation. Foundation of system science, sociology foundation and management foundation and ergonomics into base;
The quality crisis of human teaching, the development demand of adult education, the inherent requirement of adult teaching and the requirement of adult education,
The basic requirements of teaching activities provide an objective basis for its production.
A theoretical system has come into being, so how to construct it? The system of adult harmonious teaching
The construction mainly includes three parts: the construction of the harmonious teaching system for adults (one) - a harmonious teaching
The proposition of learning, the construction of the harmonious teaching system for adults (two) - a strategy of Harmonious Teaching
The construction of harmonious teaching system. (three) - and a bang science realm.
To construct a theory, it is necessary to analyze and interpret its basic propositions and values.
The basic proposition of harmonious teaching has four: Swallow teach to teach to learn and teach, \ "trapped" Teaching
Learn, learn and learn, "because" trapped education and teaching "is the main body of teachers, is the premise of understanding;
The subject of "learning and teaching" is also the teacher, the premise is to understand the learners; to learn to learn to learn.
The subject is the learner, the premise is the understanding of the teacher, and the subject of "learning by learning" is learning.
The premise is that the premise is that the subject is the teacher or the learner.
Teachers' understanding or understanding of the learners, these four propositions are all from the interaction of teachers and students.
The study not only aroused the teachers' enthusiasm for "teaching", but also gave full play to the "learning" of the learners.
The initiative of "teaching" and "learning" achieve a harmonious unity. "Teaching by teaching" and "learning by learning"
The theory of "religion" as a kind of "teaching", "learning from teaching and learning" and "learning by learning" as a kind of "learning"
The theory, to a certain extent, has made up for the insufficiency of our country's teaching theory and instructs the adult teaching.
The "teaching" of the teachers and the "learning" of the pages of adult studies will have a certain reference value.
Analysis of adult "teaching and teaching", swallow learning and teach "," because of teaching, "learn to learn and learn."
The connotation of the four propositions is to explain the value of the four propositions and finally to the harmonious teaching of the salted people.
Strategy. In adult teaching activities, how to construct adult "teaching and teaching", "teach by learning",
The strategy of "learning to swallow learning and learning" in order to realize the harmonious teaching of adults is the thesis of this paper
In order to realize the harmonious teaching of adults, we should consciously cultivate the meaning of "harmonious teaching"
Understanding, this is the necessary premise; the establishment of a harmonious relationship between teachers and students is its soul; the correct handling of "teaching"
The basic requirement of the dialectical relationship with "learning" is to improve the knowledge of the adult students.
The key point is that the teaching goal is the starting point and the end end of all the teaching activities in the school, and it is directed and made.
With all the teaching activities of the school, the teaching of the adult harmonious teaching should be "taught" for the goal.
"And finally, in the adult harmony teaching process, according to" teach, "study" of the situation of mining
The corresponding strategy of matching or mismatching is an effective way to realize the harmonious teaching of adults.
Two
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There are three main levels of the harmonious teaching of adults: Taking "teaching" as the fulcrum and giving full play to it
The leading role of adult teachers to realize the integration of "teaching by teaching" and "teaching by learning"
Construction, thus reaching the first level of the adult harmonious teaching - a harmonious teaching; with "learning"
As a fulcrum, the main role of adult students should be given full play to the realization of adult "stranded teaching and learning" and "sleepy learning"
The integration and construction of "learning" can achieve the second level of the adult harmonious teaching - a harmony
"Land?"

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：G720

【引证文献】