1949年-1956年共和国农民教育初探

发布时间：2018-12-29 18:56

【摘要】： 农民问题一直是中国革命和建设的根本问题,而教育农民则是其中最重要的原则。它直接影响着农村的发展、社会的稳定和国家的长治久安。搞好农民教育是提高农民素质、促进传统农业向现代农业转变、从根本上解决“三农”问题、尽快实现社会主义新农村建设目标的关键所在。建国初期,党和政府在极其困难的情况下对农民进行了思想政治教育、文化教育、技术教育,给我们留下了丰富的经验。回顾这一时期我国的农民教育,总结其发展的历史经验,对于当前新农村背景下发展农民教育事业有着重要的启迪意义和借鉴意义。通过文献分析发现,目前关于建国初期农民教育的研究较少,多数研究视角单一、零星不系统,呈现不出生动的、具体的农民教育的发生和开展情况,且大多数研究把建国初期的工农教育结合起来探讨,忽视了二者的差异性,凸显不出农民教育的特点。为此,本文以1949年——1956年这一时期共和国的农民教育为研究对象,以辨证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为指导,综合采用文本创读法、历史分析法、综合比较法、实证法等方法,对建国初期的农民教育作了一些探讨。首先,系统地论述了建国初期共和国农民教育发生的依据,共分为三个部分:历史依据(革命根据地农民教育的经验)、理论依据(马克思主义经典作家关于改造小农意识的论述)、现实依据(建国初期共和国农民教育的必然性)。其次,着重阐述了建国初期,广大农民群众在党和政府的领导下,经过对农民教育的组织管理,开展了一场轰轰烈烈的农民教育运动,历经了农民教育的顺利“起航”(1949年-1951年)、农民教育中途纠偏(1952年-1953年)、农民教育运动化(1953年-1956年)三个演进过程。再次,从共和国农民教育的内容、形式、特征入手,展示了这几方面在1949年-1956年发展的全貌,指出其呈现出一种不断更新、进步、发展的范式。最后,总结了1949年-1956年共和国农民教育的成就和局限性,在此基础上,挖掘了建国头七年共和国农民教育经验对当代农民教育的启示。
[Abstract]:Peasant problem has always been the fundamental problem of Chinese revolution and construction, and educating peasants is the most important principle. It directly affects the development of rural areas, social stability and long-term stability of the country. To do well in peasant education is the key to improve the quality of farmers, to promote the transformation of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, to solve the problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" fundamentally and to realize the goal of building a new socialist countryside as soon as possible. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Party and the government carried out ideological and political education, cultural education and technical education for peasants under extremely difficult circumstances, leaving us rich experience. Reviewing the peasant education in this period and summing up the historical experience of its development have important enlightening and referential significance for the development of peasant education under the new rural background. Through literature analysis, it is found that there are few researches on peasant education in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and most of the research perspectives are single, sporadic and unsystematic, showing no vivid and concrete situation of the occurrence and development of peasant education. Most of the studies combine the education of workers and peasants in the early days of the people's Republic of China, ignore the difference between the two, and do not highlight the characteristics of peasant education. Therefore, this paper takes the education of peasants in the Republic of China from 1949 to 1956 as the research object, takes dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the guidance, and synthetically adopts the methods of text creation and reading, historical analysis, comprehensive comparative law, empirical law, etc. This paper probes into the peasant education in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. First of all, it systematically discusses the basis of peasant education in the Republic in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic, which is divided into three parts: historical basis (the experience of peasant education in revolutionary base areas), The theoretical basis (the exposition of the Marxist classic writer on reforming the small farmer's consciousness) and the realistic basis (the inevitability of the peasant education in the Republic in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic). Secondly, the paper emphatically expounds that in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, under the leadership of the Party and the government, the broad masses of peasants carried out a vigorous peasant education movement through the organization and management of the peasants' education. After the smooth "sailing" of peasant education (1949-1951), the peasant education was rectified in the middle (1952-1953) and the peasant education movement (1953-1956). Thirdly, starting with the contents, forms and characteristics of the peasant education in the Republic, this paper presents a complete picture of the development of these aspects from 1949 to 1956, and points out that it presents a paradigm of continuous renewal, progress and development. Finally, the paper summarizes the achievements and limitations of the peasant education in the Republic from 1949 to 1956, and on this basis, excavates the enlightenment of the peasant education experience of the Republic for the first seven years of the founding of the people's Republic on the contemporary peasant education.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：G725

【引证文献】