国外学前儿童入学准备:危险因素与保护因素

发布时间：2018-01-14 11:27

本文关键词：国外学前儿童入学准备:危险因素与保护因素　出处：《中国特殊教育》2013年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：以1992~2012年间发表的47篇英文文献为研究对象,使用半量化分析方法,全面分析影响学前儿童入学准备的危险因素和保护因素。结果发现:(1)在人口学与生物学变量中,年龄、种族(白人)是学前儿童入学准备的保护因素,出生体重过高/低是学前儿童入学准备的危险因素。(2)在儿童认知、情绪和行为变量中,执行功能、抑制控制、注意控制、早期计算和言语技能是保护因素,冲动性是危险因素。(3)在家庭环境变量中,高社会经济地位、高母亲受教育水平、父母职业、权威型教养方式、母亲敏感性、亲子互动、父母卷入、良好的家庭学习环境、适度的父母指导是保护因素;专制型教养方式、母亲育儿压力是危险因素。(4)在幼儿园变量中,儿童课堂参与、师幼互动、同伴互动是保护因素;课堂过于安静或活跃是危险因素。(5)社区环境变量中,高收入与高就业率、安全性高的社区和正规学前看护中心是保护因素。
[Abstract]:Using semi-quantitative analysis method, 47 articles published in English from 1992 to 2012 were studied. A comprehensive analysis of risk factors and protective factors affecting preschool children's school readiness was made. The results showed that age and race (white) were the protective factors of preschool children's school readiness in demographic and biological variables. High / low birth weight is a risk factor for preschool children's school readiness. Early calculation and speech skills are protective factors, impulsiveness is a risk factor. Among the family environment variables, high socioeconomic status, high maternal education level, parental occupation, authoritative rearing style. Mother sensitivity, parent-child interaction, parental involvement, good family learning environment, moderate parental guidance are protective factors; Autocratic parenting style, mother pressure is a risk factor. 4) in kindergarten variables, children participate in classroom, teachers and children interact, peer interaction is the protective factor; Class is too quiet or active is a risk factor. 5) among the community environmental variables, high income and high employment rate, high security of the community and formal pre-school care center are the protective factors.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学教育学部;北京师范大学发展心理研究所;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“学前儿童入学准备的保护性与危险性因素评估”(12YJC880044)资助
【分类号】：B844.1
【正文快照】： 1问题提出入学准备指学前儿童为了能够从即将开始的正规学校教育中受益,所需要具备的各种关键特征或基础条件[1],包括身体运动技能、情绪与社会性、认知发展、言语发展等。做好入学准备是学前儿童未来发展的起点,良好的入学准备状态预示着儿童在未来的学业和生活中获得成功的

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