小学儿童的信任倾向和可信度对学校适应的影响

发布时间：2018-04-02 22:35

本文选题：信任倾向　切入点：可信度　出处：《浙江理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：在人际交往中，我们会发现有的人总是十分容易就相信他人，而有的人看起来会更加可信，这反映了个体的两个特征：信任倾向和可信度。已有研究证明，信任倾向和可信度对个体的发展有重要的影响。但大多数研究结论来自成人，且以往通常只研究其中一个特征对个体某方面发展的影响。那么，对于各方面都在发展的儿童来说，信任倾向和可信度会对其个体发展起怎样的作用呢？本研究就信任倾向和可信度对小学儿童的学校适应的影响及年龄差异展开研究。本研究通过量表评定及问卷测量等方法，对8岁、10岁及12岁儿童进行了调查，获得信任倾向、可信度和学校适应的数据。为了从发展的角度考察信任倾向、可信度与学校适应之间的关系，本研究首先了解了小学时期儿童在这三个方面的发展特点，具体结果为：小学儿童的信任倾向和可信度随着年龄的增长而逐渐升高，且女生比男生有更高的信任倾向和可信度；在学校适应上，12岁儿童有更好的情绪适应和自我适应，女生比男生有更积极的自我认识以及更少被同伴拒绝。其次，对信任倾向与学校适应的关系进行考察后发现，小学儿童的信任倾向对学校适应的影响在不同年龄间存在差异。具体表现为：在三个年龄段儿童中，信任倾向都能显著地预测情绪适应和自我适应；信任倾向对学业适应的影响在不同年龄间存在差异，在8岁儿童中能直接影响，在10岁儿童中能通过自我适应的中介作用产生影响，在12岁儿童中则不能显著地影响；信任倾向对人际适应，仅在8岁儿童中可以通过自我适应的中介作用间接的产生影响。第三，，对可信度与学校适应的关系进行考察后发现，小学儿童的可信度对学校适应的影响在不同年龄间存在差异。具体表现为：在三个年龄段中，可信度均能显著地预测人际适应和学业适应，其中10岁儿童的可信度还会通过自我适应间接的影响学业适应；可信度对自我适应和情绪适应的影响在不同年龄中存在差异，在8岁和10岁儿童中可信度都能显著地影响自我适应，还会通过自我适应的中介作用间接的影响情绪适应；在12岁儿童中，可信度不能显著地影响自我适应和情绪适应。第四，考察小学儿童的信任倾向和可信度对学校适应的作用，结果发现在不同年龄间存在差异。具体表现为：对于人际适应和学业适应，不管是哪一个年龄，都是可信度的作用大于信任倾向；对于情绪适应，在8岁儿童中，可信度对情绪适应的作用大于信任倾向，在10岁和12岁儿童中，信任倾向对情绪适应的作用大于可信度；对于自我适应，在8岁儿童中，可信度对自我适应的作用更大，在10岁儿童中，可信度对自尊的作用更大，信任倾向对自信的作用更大，在12岁儿童中，信任倾向对自我适应的作用大于可信度。
[Abstract]:In interpersonal relationships, we find that some people always trust others very easily, while others look more trustworthy, which reflects two characteristics of the individual: trust tendency and credibility.It has been proved that trust tendency and credibility have important influence on individual development.However, most of the findings come from adults, and usually only one of the characteristics of the study on the development of an individual.So, for a child who is developing in all directions, what does a tendency of trust and credibility do to his or her individual development?This study studies the influence and age difference of trust tendency and credibility on primary school children's school adaptation.In this study, the data of trust tendency, credibility and school adaptation were obtained by using the methods of scale evaluation and questionnaire measurement, among which children aged between 8 and 12 years old were investigated.In order to investigate the relationship between trust tendency, credibility and school adaptation from the perspective of development, this study first understood the characteristics of children's development in these three aspects in primary school.The results were as follows: the trust tendency and credibility of primary school children gradually increased with the increase of age, and girls had higher trust tendency and credibility than boys, and 12-year-old children had better emotional adaptation and self-adaptation in school adaptation.Girls have more positive self-awareness than boys and are less likely to be rejected by peers.Secondly, after investigating the relationship between trust tendency and school adaptation, it is found that the influence of trust tendency of primary school children on school adaptation is different among different ages.The results showed that: in the three age groups, trust tendency could significantly predict emotional adaptation and self-adaptation, and the influence of trust tendency on academic adaptation was different among different ages, and could be directly affected in 8-year-old children.In 10 year old children, it can be influenced by the mediating role of self adaptation, but not in 12 year old children, and trust tendency has indirect influence on interpersonal adaptation only in 8 years old children.Thirdly, after investigating the relationship between credibility and school adaptation, it is found that the influence of the credibility of primary school children on school adaptation is different among different ages.The specific manifestations are as follows: in the three age groups, credibility can significantly predict interpersonal adaptation and academic adaptation, and the credibility of 10-year-old children will indirectly affect their academic adaptation through self-adaptation;The influence of credibility on self-adaptation and emotional adaptation is different in different ages. In 8-year-old and 10-year-old children, credibility can significantly affect self-adaptation, but also indirectly affect emotional adaptation through the intermediary role of self-adaptation.In 12-year-old children, credibility does not significantly affect self-adaptation and emotional adaptation.Fourthly, the influence of trust tendency and credibility on school adaptation of primary school children was investigated, and the results showed that there were differences among different ages.The specific manifestations are: for interpersonal adaptation and academic adaptation, regardless of which age, the role of credibility is greater than the tendency to trust; for emotional adaptation, credibility plays a greater role than trust in emotional adaptation in 8-year-old children.In children aged 10 and 12, the effect of trust on emotional adaptation was greater than that of credibility; for self-adaptation, credibility played a greater role in self-adaptation in 8-year-olds, and in 10-year-olds, credibility played a greater role in self-esteem.The effect of trust tendency on self-adaptation is greater than that on self-adaptation in 12-year-old children.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G444;G625.5

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