上海高校大学新生心理健康状况及干预研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 17:30

本文选题：大学生 + 心理健康教育　；参考：《上海交通大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：【背景】心理疾患已成为严重的公共卫生问题和较为突出的社会问题,大学生心理健康状况与心理健康教育工作受到国家和社会的日益关注。目前我国大学生对心理疾患认识不足;高校心理健康服务体系亟待完善。当代精神卫生服务对心理疾患的预防、早期识别与干预更受关注。提升高校心理健康服务能力对精神疾病的预防和治疗起着重要作用。【目的】1.了解大学新生心理健康状况,开展普遍性心理健康教育活动,并评估其效果。2.对在校大学生心理问题早期人群进行重点干预,建立两种心理疾患(焦虑、抑郁/自杀)的规范化干预方案,并评估其效果。3.了解PHQ-9、GAD-7、PSS中文版在大学生人群中的信效度,确立大学生心理健康的评估工具。【方法】本研究分别采用横断面研究和对照研究方法。1.大学新生心理健康状况及心理健康教育效果研究在上海交大新生入学时对其开展首次心理普测以了解基本心理健康状况,然后开展普及性心理健康教育一年后进行心理健康状况前后对比。2.大学新生心理问题干预研究选择上海交通大学新生进行心理相关量表普测后,按入组标准确定入组对象,分为干预组和对照组,干预组接受干预后前后对比;同时与对照组进行对比研究。3.PHQ-9、GAD-7、PSS中文版信效度测试PHQ-9、GAD-7量表测试对象为上海交通大学及华东师范大学四个年级学生,先集中进行测试,计算量表的信度,其中以MINI(成人版)作为金标准,分别研究其敏感度、特异度和ROC曲线系数,并用SDS、SAS、SF-36分别作平行效度测试。完成首测二周左右,再在其中随机选取10%进行重测以了解重测信度。PSS量表测试对象为上海交大2011级学生。集中完成首测以计算信度系数,同时使用PHQ-9、GAD-7做平行效度测试。完成首测一个月内随机抽取120人左右进行重测以了解重测信度。【结果】1.大学新生心理健康状况及心理健康教育活动效果研究。首次测试结果PHQ-9均分为6.80±4.42;GAD-7均分为4.76±3.83;按分界值,无抑郁361人(34.45%),有抑郁687人(65.55%);无焦虑557人(53.15%),有焦虑491人(46.85%)。经过宣教,学生抑郁评分下降、自测健康评分提高、自杀风险下降,精神卫生与心理保健知识得分提高,变化具有显著意义。2.大学新生心理问题干预研究。干预组经干预后,抑郁、焦虑程度下降,较之对照组变化明显且有显著意义。3.量表的信效度研究。三个量表信度及重测信度值良好,平行效度及结构效度值良好。【结论】1.以上海交大为代表的大学新生总体心理状况基本尚可,但存在抑郁、自杀风险及应激问题等。开展适合大学生人群的普遍性心理健康教育活动是必要而有效的。2.针对大学生心理问题干预,应当采用适合该人群特点的干预方式,如朋辈教育(咨询)、团队治疗等多种方法。研究证明此类方式是合适并有效的。3.在大学生人群建立一个完整、良好、持续的早期诊断、早期干预的心理健康管理及预防体系,有助于完善高校心理健康教育和管理工作。4.在大学生人群中,PHQ-9、GAD-7、PSS-10中文版具有良好的信度与效度。
[Abstract]:[background] mental disease has become a serious public health problem and a prominent social problem, college students psychological health and psychological health education has attracted more and more attention to the state and society. At present, lack of awareness of mental disorders; college mental health service system needs to be improved. The mental health services for mental disorders prevention. Early identification and intervention of more attention. To enhance the mental health service ability of mental diseases prevention and treatment plays an important role. [Objective] to understand the mental health status of Freshmen in 1., open universal mental health education activities, and to evaluate the effect of.2. on psychological problems of college students in early intervention, the establishment of two for mental disorders (anxiety, depression / Dutch act) standardized intervention program, and evaluate the effect of.3. GAD-7 PSS, about PHQ-9, Chinese version in the University Reliability and validity of student population, the establishment of College Students' mental health assessment tools. [method] this study used a cross-sectional study and comparative study on mental health of Freshmen in.1. University and the psychological effect of health education methods in Shanghai Jiaotong University Freshmen to carry out its first psychological survey to understand the health status of basic psychology, then carry out the popularization of psychology health education for one year after the mental health status of Freshmen's psychological problems before and after contrast.2. University Shanghai Jiao Tong University freshman psychological intervention study selection scale survey, according to the inclusion criteria to determine the subjects, divided into intervention group and control group, the intervention group received intervention before and after contrast; and compared with the control group of.3.PHQ-9. GAD-7, PSS Chinese version validity test PHQ-9, GAD-7 scale test object for the Shanghai Jiao Tong University and East China Normal University four grade school First, focus on testing, calculation of the reliability of the scale, in which MINI (adult edition) as the gold standard, separately study the sensitivity, specificity and ROC curve coefficient, and using SDS, SAS, SF-36 respectively. The parallel validity test completed its first test in two weeks, in which 10% were again randomly selected retest in order to understand the test-retest reliability of.PSS scale test object for Shanghai Jiaotong University Students of grade 2011. Completed first test to calculate the reliability coefficient, while using PHQ-9, GAD-7 to do parallel validity test. The first test completed about a month 120 people randomly selected were retested in order to understand the test-retest reliability. 1. the effect of health research university the condition of Freshmen's psychological and mental health education activities for the first time. [results] the test results of PHQ-9 score was 6.80 + 4.42; GAD-7 score was 4.76 + 3.83; according to the cut-off value, no depression of 361 people (34.45%), 687 (65.55%) had depression without anxiety; 557 (53.15%), 491 (46.85 people have anxiety %). After education, students' depression score decreased, self testing health score increased, decreased risk Dutch act, mental health and mental health knowledge score increased, the study on the new changes have significant psychological problems intervention.2.. The intervention group and the degree of anxiety, depression, decreased, compared with the control group changed obviously and validity study on the significance of the.3. scale. The three scale reliability and test-retest reliability value, validity and structure validity of parallel value. [Conclusion] 1. to Shanghai Jiaotong University as the representative of the freshmen's mental health basic is acceptable, but the risk of depression and stress problems. Dutch act generally carry out mental health education for college students is necessary and effective.2. for college students' psychological problems intervention, intervention should be used for the population characteristics, such as peer education (counseling), group therapy and other methods. The research proves that the method is suitable and effective in.3. college students to establish a complete, well, early diagnosis of persistent, mental health management and prevention system of early intervention, help to improve college mental health education and management of college students in.4., PHQ-9, GAD-7, PSS-10 Chinese version has a good reliability and validity..

【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R749;G444

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